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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > Skin > Flashcards

Skin Flashcards

1
Q

is seen in arterial insufficiency, decreased blood supply, and anemia. Pallid tones vary from pale to ashen without underlying pink.

A

Pallor

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2
Q

may cause white skin to appear blue-tinged, especially in the perioral, nail bed, and conjunctival areas. Dark skin may appear blue, dull, and lifeless in the same areas.

A

cyanosis

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3
Q

results from a cardiopulmonary problem. It affects areas such as the lips and tongue

A

central cyanosis

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4
Q

may be a local problem resulting from vasoconstriction. It affects the areas such as the hand, feet and nails.

A

peripheral cyanosis

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5
Q

in light- and darkskinned people is characterized by yellow skin tones, from pale to pumpkin, particularly in the sclera, oral mucosa, palms, and soles.

A

jaundice

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6
Q

is roughening and darkening of skin in localized areas, especially the posterior neck

A

acanthosis nigricans

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7
Q

is seen in inflammation, allergic reactions, or trauma.

A

erythema

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8
Q

refers to how easily the skin can be pinched.

A

mobility

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9
Q

refers to the skin’s elasticity and how quickly the skin returns to its original shape after being pinched.

A

turgor

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10
Q

Pustules with hair loss in patches are seen in

A

tinea capitis

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11
Q

may result from infections of the scalp, discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus, and some types of chemotherapy.

A

patchy hair loss

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12
Q

is a characteristic of Cushing’s disease and results from an imbalance of adrenal hormones or it may be a side effect of steroids

A

hirsutism

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13
Q

may be present with iron deficiency anemia in nails

A

spoon nails (concave)

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14
Q

is also common in psoriasis (nails)

A

Pitted nails

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15
Q

indicates local infection.

A

paronychia

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16
Q

flat, small macules of pigment that appear following sun exposure.

A

freckles

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17
Q

depigmentation of the skin.

A

vitiligo

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18
Q

sometimes called stretch marks

A

striae

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19
Q

a warty or crusty pigmented lesion.

A

seborrheic keratosis

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20
Q

a flat or raised tan/ brownish marking up to 6 mm wide.

A

mole or nevus

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21
Q

raised papule with a depressed center.

A

cutaneous tag

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22
Q

small raised spots (1–5 mm wide) typically seen with aging.

A

cherry angiomas

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23
Q

Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence. Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ from the surrounding area.

What stage of pressure ulcer?

A

Stage 1

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24
Q

Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or open/ruptured, serumf illed blister.

What stage of pressure ulcer?

A

Stage 2

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25
Q

Full-thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon, or muscle is not exposed.
What stage of pressure ulcer?

A

Stage 3

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26
Q

Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed.

What stage of pressure ulcer?

A

Stage 4

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27
Q

are less than 1 cm with a circumscribed border

A

macules

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28
Q

are greater than 1 cm, and may have an irregular border

A

patches

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29
Q

example of macule?

A

cherry angioma

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30
Q

example of patches?

A

vitiligo

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31
Q

Elevated, palpable, solid mass.

A

Papule and Plaque

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32
Q

have a circumscribed border and are less than 0.5 cm

A

papules

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33
Q

are greater than 0.5 cm and may be coalesced papules with a flat top.

34
Q

example of papule?

35
Q

example of plaque?

A

seborrheic keratosis

36
Q

Example papules include?
1.
2.
3.

A

elevated nevi
warts
lichen planus

37
Q

Example of plaques
1.
2.

A

psoriasis
actinic keratosis

38
Q

Elevated, solid, palpable mass that extends deeper into dermis than a papule.

A

nodule and tumor

39
Q

are 0.5–2 cm and circumscribed

40
Q

are greater than 1–2 cm and do not always have sharp borders

41
Q

examples of nodules
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A
  1. keloid
  2. lipoma
  3. squamous cell carcinoma
  4. poorly absorbed injection
  5. dermatofibroma
42
Q

examples of tumors
1.
2.

A

larger lipoma
carcinoma

43
Q

Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous f luid.

A

vesicle and bulla

44
Q

are less than 0.5 cm containing serous fluid

45
Q

are greater than 0.5 cm with serous fluid

46
Q

examples of vesicles are
1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. herpes simplex or zoster
  2. varicella or chickenpox
  3. poison ivy
  4. second degree burn
47
Q

Example of bulla
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

A
  1. pemphigus
  2. contact dermatitis
  3. large burn blisters
  4. poison ivy
  5. bullous impetigo
48
Q

Elevated mass with transient borders that is often irregular. Size and color vary. Caused by movement of serous fluid into the dermis; it does not contain free fluid in a cavity.

49
Q

example of wheal
1.
2.

A

urticaria
insect bites

50
Q

Pus-filled vesicle or bulla.

51
Q

examples of pustule
1.
2.
3.
4.

A
  1. acne
  2. impetigo
  3. furuncles
  4. carbuncles
52
Q

Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass that is located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis.

53
Q

examples of cyst
1.
2.

A

sebaceous cyst
epidermoid cyst

54
Q

Loss of superficial epidermis that does not extend to the dermis. It is a depressed, moist area.

55
Q

example of erosion

A

aphthous ulcer

56
Q

Skin loss extending past epidermis, with necrotic tissue loss. Bleeding and scarring are possible.

57
Q

Skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion that represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue.

A

scar or cicatrix

58
Q

Linear crack in the skin that may extend to the dermis and may be painful.

59
Q

example of fissure

A

tinea pedis

60
Q

Round red or purple macule that is 1–2 mm in size. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with bleeding tendencies or emboli to skin.

A

petechia or petechiae

61
Q

Round or irregular macular lesion that is larger than petechial lesion. The color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with trauma and bleeding tendencies.

A

ecchymosis

62
Q

A localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis. It is associated with trauma.

63
Q

Papular and round, red or purple lesion found on the trunk or extremities. It may blanch with pressure. It is a normal age-related skin alteration and usually not clinically significant.

A

cherry angioma

64
Q

Red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches.

A

spider angioma

65
Q

It is associated with liver disease, pregnancy, and vitamin B deficiency.

A

spider angioma

66
Q

Bluish or red lesion with varying shape (spider-like or linear) found on the legs and anterior chest

A

telangiectasis or venous star

67
Q

Straight line, as in a scratch or streak.
what configuration?

68
Q

Circular lesions. An example is tinea corporis.
what configuration?

69
Q

Lesions grouped together. An example is herpes simplex.

A

clustered configuration

70
Q

Individual and distinct lesions. An example is multiple nevi.

71
Q

Coin-shaped lesions. An example is nummular eczema.
what configuration?

A

nummular configuration

72
Q

Smaller lesions run together to form larger lesion. An example is tinea versicolor.
what configuration?

A

confluent configuration

73
Q

Parallel ridges running lengthwise. May be seen in the elderly and some young people with no known etiology.

A

longitudinal ridging or beaus lines

74
Q

Nails that are half white on the upper proximal half and pink on the distal half. May be seen in chronic renal disease

A

half and half nails

75
Q

Seen with psoriasis.

A

pitting nails

76
Q

may be seen with trauma to cuticles or nail folds or in iron deficiency anemia, endocrine or cardiac disease

A

koilonychia or spoon nails (concave)

77
Q

Local infection in the nails

A

paronychia

78
Q

can result from longstanding hypoxia and lung cancer.

79
Q

can be caused by Candida a/bicans, bacteria, and repeated exposure of the nails 1to moisture

A

paronychia

80
Q

is caused by trauma to the digit and nail, leading to haen1orrhtage into the matrix and nail bed.

A

subungual haematoma

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (16 decks)

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