HEART Flashcards
A sign of pressure overload _____ has increased force and duration but i not usually displaced in left ventricular hypertrophy without dilation associated with aortic stenosis or systemic hypertension
accentuated apical impulse
-a sign of volume overload
-Apical impulse displaced laterally
-Found over a wider area is the result of
ventricular hypertrophy and dilation
laterally displaced apical impulse
is associated with right ventricular hypertrophy caused by pulmonic hypertension and chronic lung disease
lift or heave
is palpated over second and third intercostal space m, may indicate severe aortic stenosis and systemic hypertension
thrill
evaluates patency of the radial or ulnar arteries.
Allen’s test
calf pain at dorsiflexion of the foot) is thought to be associated with the presence of thrombosis.
hoan’s sign
pain in calf when foot is dorsiflexed
homan’s sign
double systolic peak
bisferiens pulse
left ventricular failure
regular rhythm
pulsus alternans
Regular, irregular rhythm (one normal beat followed by a premature contraction)
Alternates in amplitude (one strong pulse followed by
a quick, weaker one
Causes
• Premature ventricular contractions
bigeminal pulse
Characteristics
• Palpable decrease in pulse amplitude on quiet inspiration
• Pulse becomes stronger with expiration • You may need a sphygmomanometer to detect the change (the systolic pressure will decrease by more than 10 mmH during inspiration)
Causes
•Pericardial camponade
• Constrictive pericarditis
• Obstructive lung disease
paradoxical pulse
S1 sound is heard best at
apex (mitral area)
S2 heart sound is heard best at
base (aortic and pulmonic area)
Extra heart sounds and murmurs can be
auscultated with a stethoscope over the
pericardium
M1 occurs first because of increased pressure on the left side of the heart and because of
myocardial depolarization
S3 and S4 are referred to as
diastolic filling
Results from ventricular vibration secondary to rapid ventricular filling
extra heart sounds
S3 heard early in diastole after S2. Often termed
ventricular gallop
measurement of the elevation at which the highest oscillation point of the jugular venous pulsation is evident
jugular venous pressure
reflects pressure in the right atrium
jugular venous pressure (central)
soft,rapid,undulating
3 elevations, 2 troughs per beat
internal jugular pulsation
vigorous thrust with ingle outward component
carotid pulse
eliminated by light pressure on vein just above sternal end of the clavicle
internal jugular pulsation
S2 is usually ___ than S1
louder
two components of S2
A2-left sided aortic valve closure
P2- right sided pulmonic valve closure
at the apex, S1 is ___ than S2
louder
Very faint, heard only after the listener has “tuned in”; may not be heard in all positions
Grade 1
Quiet but heard immediately on placing the stethoscope on the chest
Grade 2
moderately loud
Grade 3
Loud with palpable thrills
Grade 4
Very loud, may be heard with a stethoscope partly off the chest
Grade 5
May be heard with the stethoscope entirely off the chest
Grade 6
