Skin Flashcards
1
Q
What is eczema
A
- chronic atopic condition caused by defects in normal continuity of the skin barrier, leading to inflammation in the skin.
- genetic component, runs in families
2
Q
Usual presentation of eczema
A
- usually presents in infancy with dry, red, itchy and sore patches of skin over flexor surfaces (inside of elbows and knees) and on face and neck. Flare ups
3
Q
Mx of eczema
A
- maintenance: create an artificial barrier over skin to compensate for defective skin barrier.
- > emollients - as thick as tolerated + required to maintain the eczema. Thin creams = E45, Diprobase, Aveeno cream. Thick = 50:50 ointment, hydromol, cetraben
- Flares: thicker emollients, topical steroids. steroids = mild - hydrocortsone, moderate - eumovate, potent - betnovate
4
Q
Pros and cons for steroids in eczema
A
pros: very good for settling down immune activity.
cons: thinning of skin (more prone to flares, bruising, tearing, stretch marks), enlarged blood vessels under surface of skin
5
Q
Most common organism of opportunistic bacterial infection with eczema
A
staph aureus. Tx with flucloxacillin
6
Q
Difference between blanching and non-blanching rash
A
Non-blanching rashes do not fade when a person presses on them. Occur due to bleeding beneath the surface of the skin.
- blanching rashes fade or turn white when a person applies pressure to them.
7
Q
What are non-blanching rashes caused by? Types of non-blanching spots?
A
- bleeding under the skin
- petechia are small, non blanching, red spots on skin caused by burst capillaries.
- purpura are larger, non blanching, red-purple, macules or papules created by leaking of blood from vessels under the skin
8
Q
Differential diagnosis of non-blanching rash
A
- meningococcal septicaemia or other bacterial sepsis
- HSP
- ITP - develops over several days in a well child
- Acute leukaemias - gradual development of petechiae + anaemia, lymphadenopathy
- Haemolytic uraemic syndrome
- Trauma - NAI, tight pressure on skin
- Viral ilness
