Skills, training structures, guidance etc. Flashcards
What is the definition of a skill?
A learned ability to bring about the result you want, with maximum certainty and effficiency.
What are the characteristics of a closed skill?
+ Give an example of one.
- Take place in a stable environment, not affected by the environment.
- Movemens follow set patterns with a clear start and finish.
- Tend to be self paced.
- E.G: Penalty in football, serving in badminton etc.
What are the characteristics of an open skill?
+ Give an example of one.
- Take place in a changing environment.
- Player has to adapt to the surroundings.
- Often in a competitive situation.
- E.G: Rugby tackle, saving a penalty.
Why would a forward roll be descrived as a closed skill?
It’s not affected by the environment when performed and it’s the same action every time - self paced.
Why would a rugby tackle be described as an open skill?
It’s affected by the environment (e.g. the way you tackle / are tackled changes based on the person). It also doesn’t have a clear start and end, it only ends when the ball is won.
What is the definition of a basic (simple) skill?
+ Give an example.
One that is easy and needs little concentration.
E.G: Running, passing in netball.
What is the definition of a complex skill?
+ Give an example.
Needs complete attention and concentration as are technically difficult. Need to be practiced over and over.
E.G: Triple jump, aerial in hockey.
What is the definition of low organisation skills?
Clear, simple phrases or parts. Can be easily broken down and practiced separately.
What is the definition of high organisation skills?
A lot of complicated phrases or parts which cannot be broken down or practiced separately as they are closely linked together.
What is the definition of a fixed practice structure, what is it best suited to and give sporting examples.
- D - The same skill practised repeatedly in the same way, over and over, until perfect.
- BST - Drills, closed skills, new skills.
- SE - Serving in tennis, golf swing, penalty kick in football.
What is the definition of a variable practice structure, what is it best suited to and give sporting examples.
- D - Skill is practised in a variety of situations, allowing adaptation to suit different unpredictable and changing conditions (especially competition).
- BST - Open skills, competitive games, more experienced = more variation (conditioned games).
- SE - Hockey tackle, passing in netball, pretty much any evasion game.
What is the definition of a massed practice structure, what is it best suited to and give sporting examples.
- D - Skill is repeated continuously over long periods without any breaks.
- BST - Low organisation, basic skills, more experienced performers to hone technique - especially when tired, increase fitness.
- SE - Running, swimming, cycling.
What is the definition of a distributed practice structure, what is it best suited to and give sporting examples.
- D - Skill is practiced with breaks to allow rest, feedback or mental rehearsal.
- BST - New skills to allow feedback, less motivated performers to allow rest, praise and change of activity, complex skills (high concentration).
- SE - Diving.
Why are practice structures important?
They need to be planned according to the activity based on their skill level, ability, fitness and experience.
Which practice structures usually match with each other?
Fixed = massed.
Variable = distributed.
What does practice depend on?
- Skills being developed.
- Performers’ age and level of ability.
- Training session objectives.
What practice structure should you adopt for a hockey short corner and why?
Variable & Distributed - because the skill can be practised in a variety of competitive situations and rest can be taken in order to evaluate what is working and what isn’t.
What practice structure should be adopted for a breastroke swim?
FIxed & Massed - the skill is practiswd repeatedly in order to improve and it would be done repeatedly without any breaks to ensure fitness and stamina in the stroke whilst maintaining technique.
What do coaching methods depend on?
- Personality and learning style of the performer.
- Level of ability.
- Specific skill / sport.
- Facilities available.
What is visual guidance?
Showing you a demonstration, visual aids.
What are the advantages of visual guidance?
- Can copy the movement.
- Can be done in groups - multiple people can see it in one go so you don’t have to repeat it multiple times.
- Good for beginners.
What are the disadvantages of visual guidance?
- If the demo is poor / inaccurate it could result in them doing / learning it incorrectly.
- Time consuming / expensive if using a video.
Who is visual guidance good for?
- Beginners.
- Inexperienced athletes.
What is verbal guidance?
Explaining in words, emphasise specific points, how it should feel.
What are the advantages of verbal guidance?
- Instructions can be given quickly and in detail.
- Can explain the why & how.
- Can be used during performance / feedback given.
- No equipment.
What are the disadvantages of verbal guidance?
- Some movements are difficult to explain especially for beginners.
- Relies upon coaces’ communication skills being good.
Who is verbal guidance good for?
A high level performer.
What is manual guidance?
- Where the performer can be moved into the correct position and feel how the movement should be done.
What are the advantages of manual guidance?
- The performer can get a feel for the movement
- Builds confidence.
- Can help to break down the movement into phases.
What are the disadvantages of manual guidance?
- The feeling isn’t the same as actually doing it unaided.
- Performer can become dependant on support.
- Incorrect feel can lead to incorrect movement being learned.
- Can only be used 1:1.
Who is manual guidance good for (sports)?
- Tennis: Coach holds the racket arm and moves it through the correct movement.
- Trampolining: Supporting a front somersault.
- Inexperienced people.
What is mechanical guidance?
The use of equipment to guide someone.
What are the advantages of mechanical guidance?
- Performer can get a feel for the movement.
- Builds confidence.
- Reduces danger.
What are the disadvantages of mechanical guidance?
- The feeling isn’t the same as actually doing it unaided.
- Incorrect feel can lead to incorrect movement being learnt.
- Performer can become dependant.
- Difficult with big groups.
- Expensive.
Who is mechanical guidance good for (sports)?
- Younger, inexperienced swimmers using a float.
- Trampolinist being aided with a somersault by use of a harness.
What is intrinsic feedback?
- Comes from the performer themselves - self reflection.
- Can affect motivation so it’s important they feel they have performed well and want to do it again.
- A novice won’t have the knowledge needed to be able to assess own performance.
What is extrinsic feedback?
- Comes from an outside source such as a coach, team mates, friends, video etc.
- This type of feedback is important as it will motivate them to improve and want to continue.
What is concurrent feedback?
- Feedback is given at the time of the performance, e.g from the coach or the side-line during a match.
- This feedback can be acted on immediately.
What is terminal feedback?
- Feedback is given at the end of the game / performance.
- Benefit of being more reflective and giving an overview of the whole performance.
What does the ‘S’ in SMART targets stand for and what does it mean?
Specific:
- Clear
- Focused
- Not vague
- Specific to a sport
- Specific to a position
What does the ‘M’ in SMART targets stand for and what does it mean?
Measurable:
- Way of checking to see if you have improved.
- Can see if you are getting closer to the goal.
- This can be motivating.
What does the ‘A’ in SMART targets stand for and what does it mean?
Achievable:
- Something that is possible for you to do.
- Within your capabilities.
- If you set goals that aren’t achievable, you will become deomtivated and upset.
What does the ‘R’ in SMART targets stand for and what does it mean?
Realistic:
- Goal that is possible, given all the factors involved.
- You need the time and resources to be able to achieve that goal.
What does the ‘T’ in SMART targets stand for and what does it mean?
Time:
- This goal needs to have an end-point.
- This helps to asess the progress you’ve made.
