Skills Flashcards
What are the four quadrants named?
NE,SE,SW,NW
What is a ground level photograph?
from the perspective of the ground.
affords a 2D view.
Define a vertical arial photograph
Birds eye view looking straight down
what is an aerial oblique photo?
vertical with a slant and in the air.
what are satellite images?
from the sky and only show colours; no distinct landmarks or monuments.
what are the cardinal points?
N , E , S , W
What are all sub points in order of N - E - S - W
NNE, NE, ENE, ESE, SE, SSE, SSW, SW, WSW, WNW, NW, NNW
How do you conduct bearings using a protractor?
Place your protractor with 0° lining up with the north line of where you are measuring FROM.
How many figures is grid reference?
6
How many figures is area reference?
4
where in the square do you measure AR?
the bottom left hand corner.
which comes first in an AR; eastings or northings?
eastings!
*crawl before you walk
distinguish between eastings and northings.
eastings are the VERTICAL lines that move east. Eastings is on the bottom of a map with grid and area reference.
northings are the HORIZONTAL lines that move north. Northings are on the side of a map with GR and AR reference.
what does the distance between contour lines indicate?
closer together = steeper slope.
what is the formula for gradient?
rise/run
aka difference in high between two points/difference in distance between two points
what is aspect of a slope?
the direction in which a slope faces.
what question should you ask yourself to find the aspect of a slope?
if I dropped a ball, which way would it roll down the hill?
or
If I was standing on that slope facing downhill, which direction would I be looking?
explain latitude
latitude are the imaginary lines which run around the circumference of the Earth.
what is the language to describe aspect?
the slope has a northERLY aspect
the slope has a north-eastERLY aspect
explain longitude
Longitude is measured in degrees east or west of the prime meridian, which
runs through Greenwich in London, England, at 0°.
explain the orientation of degrees in latitude and longitude.
0° is the equator for latitude. North of the equator is x° N and the North Pole is 90°N. South of the equator is x° S and the South Pole is 90°S.
Each verticle line is called meridian of longitude and is numbered east to west from the prime meridian at 0° around the earth to 180°
each degree in latitude and longitude can be divided into 60…
minutes.
latitude and longitude is measured similar to…
GRID REFERENCE!
what is the orientation for a latitude and longitude statement (coordinates)
LATITUDE STATEMENT, LONGITUDE STATEMENT.
x° y’ N x° y’ E where x equals degrees and y equals minutes
what is an isobar?
a line on a map connecting points having the same atmospheric pressure at a given time or on average over a given period.
what is a hectopascal and it’s shortened version
air pressure measuring unit (hPa)
it’s equal to ONE MILLIBAR.
what does the distance between isobars indicate?
speed of wind (closer=faster)
what is the number for average air pressure?
1013
what does low air pressure weather look like?
wind spins clockwise
wind spins INTO the eye of the storm
“unstable”, (rain high winds clouds)
what does high air pressure look like?
wind spins counterclockwise
wind spins out of the storm
“Stable” (clear skies, little wind, dry weather)
how do you calculate local relief?
finding the difference in height between two points in an area, or the highest minus the lowest point.
what are the two components of a climate graph?
rainfall (columns) and temperature (dots)
whats a chloropleth map
a thematic map that is used to represent statistical data using the color mapping symbology technique.
what is density?
the no. of features in a km^2
distinguish between human and physical features
Physical features are natural: they would be here even if people weren’t. Things like rivers, mountains and seas! Human features are made by people, like buildings, roads and bridges.
what are topographic maps?
Topographic maps are a detailed record of a land area, giving geographic positions and elevations for both natural and man-made features. They show the shape of the land the mountains, valleys, and plains by means of contour lines (lines of equal elevation above sea level).
what are thematic maps?
maps illustrating a particular theme, e.g tourism, types of forest colour, climate zones
what are political maps?
maps that show political boundaries such as countries and states
what are physical maps?
maps that show natural features such as rivers.
explain the acronym BOLTSS
B is for the border that surrounds a map.
O is for orientation. All maps require an arrow that shows the direction of north.
L is for legend, which is also called a key.
T is for title.
S is for scale. Maps are drawn much smaller than the features they represent
S is for source. The place where the map has come from must be acknowledged.
whats a cross section
where it looks as though the land has been sliced in half.
how do you calculate area?
add together the total of squares, then add the total of partial squares divided by 2
warm fronts bring…
stormy weather
cold fronts bring…
heavy rain, sometimes hail and thunder, a sudden drop in temperature
how to know which direction wind blows?
The direction that the stem of the barb is pointing in indicates the direction that the wind is coming from.
