Skill Aquisition Flashcards
What are the 6 classification of skills?
Difficulty Environmental influence Pacing Muscular involvement Continuity Organisation
What are the extremes of the difficulty continuum?
Simple
Complex
What are the extremes of the environmental influence continuum?
Open
Closed
What are the extremes of the pacing continuum?
Self paced
Externally paced
What are the extremes of the muscular involvement continuums?
Gross
Fine
What are the extremes of the continuity continuum?
Discrete
Serial
Continuous
What are the extremes of the organisation continuum?
High
Low
What are the 8 types of practice?
Part Whole Whole-part-whole Progressive-part Massed Distributed Fixed Varied
Define mass practice
Practice where no rest intervals are given
Define distributed practice
Training with many intervals and feedback
Define fixed practice
Practicing a skill repeatedly
Define varied practice
Using different methods to practice
Define part practice
Practice where a skill is broken down into subroutines then practiced individually
Define whole practice
Practice where a whole skill is taught at once
Define whole-part-whole practice
Practice where a skill is attempted, then broken down into subroutines and practiced then practiced as a whole skill again
Define progressive-part practice
A serial skill is broken down and the performer practices the first section then each time it is practiced, another section is added onto the routine
What are the 5 transfers of skills?
Positive Negative Proactive Retroactive Bilateral
Define positive transfer
When one skill helps the learning of another
Define negative transfer
The learning of a skill that hinders the learning of another skill
Define proactive transfer
The influence of one skill on a skill yet to be learned
Define retroactive transfer
The influence of one skill on the learning of a skill that has already been learned
Define bilateral transfer
The transfer from one limb to another
What are the three learning theories?
Operant conditioning
Cognitive theory
Observational learning
Define operant conditioning
The process which the desired response is reinforced causing it to be repeated and developed
What is an S-R bond?
A stimulus response bond where a performer subconsciously reacts to a stimulus automatically because of repeated exposure to the stimuli
Define cognitive learning theory
When a performer has to find a solution to a problem with intervening variables
Define observational learning
Learning through observing demonstrations and models
What are the 4 stages of observational learning?
Attention
Retention
Motor reproduction
Motivation
Who proved operant conditioning?
B F Skinner
Who proved observational learning?
Bandura
What are the three stages of learning?
Cognitive
Associative stage
Autonomous
Define the cognitive stage?
Performers understanding what they need to do by creating a mental image of the skill
Define the associative stage
The motor stage of learning where the performer is given feedback in order to improve
Define the autonomous stage
The final stage where performers can reproduce the skill with little thought and can ignore distractions
What are the 4 types of guidance?
Verbal
Visual
Manual
Mechanical
Define verbal guidance
A simple and clear description of the skill
Define visual guidance
Performers building a mental image based off of a demonstration or visual aid
Define manual guidance
Physical support for the performer by another person
Define mechanical guidance
The response of the performer being directed physically by another person
