Skill and Ability Flashcards
What is the definition of skill?
The learned, efficient movement performed with a purpose and to a consistently high standard.
What is the definition of ability?
The innate quality that we have - it is something that we’re born with, and the relative magnitude of that quality is determined by our genetic inheritance.
What is motor ability?
Concerned with movement - determining an individuals: balance, coordination, reaction time etc.
What is perceptual ability?
Ability to take in information, recognise it and make sense of it (the ability to sense and interpret information)
What is cognitive skill?
Skills that involve thought process and intellectual ability to solve a problem. E.g. devising tactics and strategies to outwit an opponent etc.
What is psychomotor skill?
Analysing the situation and completing the skill
What is perceptual skill?
Skills that involve the detection and interpretation of stimuli from the environment.
What is motor skill?
Skills that involve physical movement and muscular control linked to a specific objective.
What is an open skill?
Skill affected by the environment, or performed in a dynamic, changing environment or situation.
What is a closed skill?
Skill is performed in a stable, unchanging environment, where the environment has little or no impact on the performance of the skill
What is a discrete skill?
A movement with a clear beginning and end
What is a serial skill?
Series of specific movements (often discrete) chained together in a sequence
What is a continuous skill?
No clear beginning or end, one end phase of the movement blends into the start phase of the next cycle.
What is a gross skill?
A strong powerful movement requiring the use of major muscle groups, where fine control is not possible or required.
What is a fine skill?
Small, precise movement showing high levels of accuracy and co-ordination, using small muscle groups.
What is a self-paced skill?
The performer decides when the movement is begun and the pace at which the movement is performed.
What is an externally paced skill?
A skill that is initiated by factors other than the performer. The pace at which the skill is performed is dictated by factors other than the performer.
Using examples from a swimming start, explain the difference between ‘motor ability’ and ‘perceptual ability’.
Motor ability is concerned with the movements that the performer does e.g. pushing off the blocks in the swimming start. Whereas perceptual ability is the ability to take in information, recognise it and make sense of it e.g. reacting to the starting gun in the swimming start.
Using examples explain the difference between cognitive and psychomotor skills.
Cognitive skills require a thought process and intellectual ability e.g. devising tactics to outwit an opponent. Whereas psychomotor skills is analysing the situation/display and performing the skill e.g. finding where a player is free and passing the ball to them.
What are the characteristics of a skilled performance? (7)
- There is an objective
- It has to be learned
- It has to be economic and efficient
- It has to be flowing and aesthetically pleasing
- It has to be in the right place at the right time
- It has to be consistently successful
- It has to follow a technical model and be controlled
