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Physical Education (Unit 3&4) > Skill Acquisition and Biomechanics > Flashcards

Skill Acquisition and Biomechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Skill

A

The ability to be able to do something well

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2
Q

Gross Motor Skills

A

Involve the recruitment of large muscles group with less emphasis on precision

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3
Q

Fine Motor Skills

A

Involve the recruitment of smaller muscles group involved with movements requiring precision

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4
Q

Discrete Motor Skills

A

Have an obvious beginning and end

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5
Q

Serial Motor Skills

A

The conmbination of multiple discrete skills

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6
Q

Continuous Motor Skills

A

No definite beginning or end point

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7
Q

Closed Motor Skills

A

Those which the performer has the greatest control over the environment

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8
Q

Open Motor Skills

A

Motor skill performed in a less predictable envrionment

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9
Q

Stability Skills

A

Involve balance and control of the body

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10
Q

Locomotor Skills

A

Enable us to run and walk through spaces

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11
Q

Manipulative Skills

A

Involces control of an object

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12
Q

Cognitive Stage

A

Performer is mentally trying to comprehend the movement requirements of the skill

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13
Q

Associative Stage

A

The performer is beginning to
refine their technique/ movement pattern. They are more consistent and make fewer errors.

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14
Q

Autonomous Stage

A

The skill is largely automatic; the performer no longer consciously thinks about the skill

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15
Q

Distributed Practice

A

Involves shorter but more frequent training session

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16
Q

Massed Practice

A

Involves less frequent training sessions for longer periods of time

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17
Q

Blocked Practice

A

Involves practising the same skill continuously without changing to a different task

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18
Q

Random Practice

A

Is the varied sequencing of different motor skills in the same
training session

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19
Q

Transfer of Practice

A

Practice that closely resembles the game will result in a greater transfer of skills from training to game.

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20
Q

Intrinsic Feedback

A

Is when performers use their own senses to assess performance,
including visual, auditory, proprioception and touch

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21
Q

Augmented/External Feedback

A

Feedback that comes from a coach. Feedback during an activity is called concurrent feedback

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22
Q

Knowledge of results

A

Refers to specific feedback about the outcome of the task, as opposed to
feedback relating to performance characteristics

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23
Q

Knowledge of performance

A

Relates to the characteristics of performing a task, as opposed to
the specific outcome of the task

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24
Q

External Feedback 3 purposes

A

1 fixing errors as a result of either knowledge of results or knowledge of performance
2 motivation through feedback that shows progress
3 reinforcement through positive feedback (e.g. ‘You’ve got the ball toss right’).

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25
Q

Motor Skilss

A

Any activity involved with moving the body to achieve a specific goal

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26
Q

Fundamental Motor Skills

A

Movement patterns that involve different body parts. They are the foundational movements to more sport specifc skills

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27
Q

Sports Specific Skills

A

Utilise a range of fundamental movement skills in a sequence

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28
Q

Part Practice

A

Breaking the skill into smaller sub-routines and practicing them individually

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29
Q

Whole Practice

A

Practicing the entire skill as an entire skill

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30
Q

Feedback

A

Feedback is the information that an athlete receives about the task that they have performed and it can have a critical effect on the skill development

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31
Q

Direct based approaches

A

Style of coaching you might be most familiar with. No matter the ability of the athlete there is a time and place for direct based approaches to coaching.

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32
Q

Constraints based approaches

A

Using boundaries or placing restrictions on the learner in order to shape the athletes self-organising movement patterns and decision making processes.

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33
Q

Force

A

A push or a pull

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34
Q

Affects of force

A
  • Change the shape of the object
    -Move the object
35
Q

Friction

A

When 2 surfaces come together opposing the motion of an object

36
Q

Air and water resistance

A

When an object travels through water or air it will experience drag force, opposing direction of object and slowing it down

37
Q

Gravitational Forxe

A

Force of attraction between two bodies of objects

38
Q

Mass

A

The amount of matter an object is made up of

39
Q

Weight

A

The force that is exerted on the body by gravity
Weight= Mass x Gravity

40
Q

Inertia

A

The tendency for a body to resist change in its state of motion (rest or moving)

41
Q

Momentum

A

The amount of motion an object has and its resistance to changing that motion
Momentum= mass x velocity

42
Q

Conservation of momentum

A

Total momentum of the system before the collision is equal to the total momentum after the collision

43
Q

Summation of momentum

A

By coordinating all body parts involved in the movement you are able to generate maximum velocity

44
Q

Impulse

A

Equal to change in momentum of object
Impulse= force x time

45
Q

Newtons first law of motion

A

Law of inertia: A body will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force

46
Q

Newtons second law of motion

A

Law of acceleration: A force applied to an object will produce a change in motion in the direction of the applied force that is directly proportional to the size of the force

47
Q

Newtons third law of motion

A

Law of action reaction: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

48
Q

Torque

A

A measure of the force that can cause an object to rotate about an axis
Torque =force x lever arm

49
Q

Newtons first law of angular motion

A

The angular momentum of a body remains constant unless acted upon by an external torque

50
Q

Newtons second law of angular motion

A

A torque applies to an object will produce a change in angular motion in the direction of the applied torque that is directly proportional to the size of the torque and inversely proportional to the moment of inertia of the object

51
Q

Newtons third law of angular momentum

A

For every torque there is an equal and opposite torque

52
Q

Moment of inertia

A

Moment of inertia= mass x radius

53
Q

Motion

A

Nearly all human motions is called general motion a combination of linear and angular motion

54
Q

Liner motion

A

Movement of a body along a straight or curved path where all body parts move in the same direction at the same speed

55
Q

Distance

A

Measures from start to finish regardless of direction

56
Q

Displacement

A

Change of position

57
Q

Speed

A

Speed= distance/time

58
Q

Velocity

A

Velocity= displacement/time

59
Q

Linear acceleration

A

Change in velocity in a given time period
Acceleration= change in velocity/ change in time

60
Q

Angular motion

A

Involves rotation around a central axis or fixed point

61
Q

Lever arm

A

distance from axis of rotation to the line of force

62
Q

Angular distance

A

Sum of all the angular changes the body undergoes

63
Q

Angular displacement

A

Difference between the initial and final angular position of an object

64
Q

Angular speed

A

=angular distance covered/ time taken to complete the motion

65
Q

Angular velocity

A

Rate of change of the angular displacement of a body over time

66
Q

Liner velocity

A

=radius of rotation x angular velocity

67
Q

Angular acceleration

A

The rate of change of angular velocity, how quickly a body changes its angular position measured in degrees per second

68
Q

Projectile motion

A

Object or body that is launched into air and affected only by the forces of gravity and air resistance

69
Q

Equilibrium

A

When there are no unbalanced forces or torques acting on body or object

70
Q

Static equilibrium

A

When body or object is not moving or roating

71
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

When body or object is moving with a constant velocity (no change in speed or direction)

72
Q

Stability

A

The resistance to the disruption of equilibrium

73
Q

Balance

A

The ability to control equilibrium

74
Q

Factors affecting stability

A

-Base of support
-Centre of gravity
-Body mass
-Friction between body and the surfaces contacted

75
Q

Base of support

A

Larger the base of support = greater the stability

76
Q

Centre of gravity

A

The point around which the body or object is balanced, generally found close to the belly button

77
Q

Line of gravity

A

The direction in which gravity acts is called the line of gravity

78
Q

Ways to enhance equilibrium

A
  • Increase base of support
  • Ensuring line of gravity falls within the base of support
  • Lowering the centre of gravity
  • Increasing body mass
  • Increasing friction between body and surface
    -Extending base of support in direction of oncoming force
    -Shifting line of gravity towards oncoming force
79
Q

Levers

A

Machines consisting of a rigid bar that can be made to rotate around an axis in order to extend a force on another object

80
Q

First class lever

A

The resistance and the force are on either side of the axis

81
Q

Second class lever

A

The resistance is between the force and the axis

82
Q

Third class lever

A

The force is between the resistance and the axis (most common type of lever)

83
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

= force/ resistance arm
-Mechanical advantage>1 : less effort to move a resistance
-Mechanical advantage<1 : Increase range of motion, increase angular speed

Physical Education (Unit 3&4) (6 decks)

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