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Physical Education (Unit 3&4) > Energy Systems > Flashcards

Energy Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Three energy systems

A

-ATP-PC system
-Anaerobic glycolysis system
-Aerobic system

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2
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Bodies preferred source of fuel, particularly during exercise

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3
Q

Fats

A

Bodies main source of fuel during rest and prolonged submaximal exercise

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4
Q

Protein

A

Used for growth and repair of muscles and sometimes during long endurance events

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5
Q

What is ATP

A

ATP consists of a large molecule called adenosine and three simpler components called phosphate groups. The energy released from the breakdown of ATP is used to perform biological work.

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6
Q

ATP stores at rest

A

We store 50 grams of ATP but actually require 190kg so we rapidly remake ATP as we need it

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7
Q

ATP-PC sysytem

A

Provides bulk of ATP during powerful or explosive efforts, the predominant system for all maximum intensity exercise up to 20 seconds

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8
Q

How the ATP-PC works

A

This system works by breaking down creatine phosphate to produce ATP, PC releases a free phosphate to donate to ADP creating ATP

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9
Q

ATP-PC system fuel source

A

Creatine Phosphate

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10
Q

ATP-PC system Rate of energy for ATP resynthesis

A

Explosive/instantaneous
3.6 mol/ min

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11
Q

ATP-PC system intenisty

A

Maximal intensity (95+% MHR)

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12
Q

ATP-PC system yield

A

Limited yield 0.7 ATP for every CP molecule

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13
Q

ATP-PC system duration

A

0-10 seconds

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14
Q

ATP-PC system by-products

A

Creatine, Inorganic phosphates

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15
Q

Resynthesis of CP

A

Mainly takes place when the athlete stops exercise, 30 seconds for 50%, 2-3 minutes 100%

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16
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System

A

Predominant system for high intensity exercise up to 60 seconds in duration, when CP runs out this is the predominant energy system

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17
Q

How anaerobic glycolysis system works

A

Glycogen is broken down in the absence of oxygen, glycogen turns into glucose and with insufficient oxygen its then broken down into pyruvic acid and further into lactic acid

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18
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System fuel source

A

Glycogen

19
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System rate of energy for ATP resynthesis

A

Fast but not as fast as ATP-PC system
1.6 mol/ min

20
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System Intensity

A

High intensity exercise (85-95% MHR)

21
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System Yield

A

Small yield 2-3 ATP per glucose molecule

22
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System duration

A

10-75 seconds

23
Q

Anaerobic Glycolysis System by-products

A

Lactate, H+ ions

24
Q

Onset of blood lactate

A

The point at which lactate levels begin to rise rapidly is known as onset of blood lactate and occurs at about 4 millimoles per litre

24
Q

Lactate Inflection Point (LIP)

A

The exercise intensity beyond which lactate production exceeds removal, sometimes referred to as the lactate threshold

25
Q

Aerobic energy system

A

Predominant system for long duration, sub-maximal intensity exercise

26
Q

How the Aerobic energy system works

A
  1. CHO’s and triglycerides are broken down to release energy. This produces pyruvic acid.
  2. Pyruvic acid is further broken down producing carbon dioxide (krebs cycle)
  3. Further breakdown via the electron transport chain. It requires hydrogen ions and oxygen producing water and heat
27
Q

Aerobic energy system fuel source

A

Glycogen and Triglycerides

28
Q

Aerobic energy system rate of energy for ATP resynthesis

A

Slow
Glycogen 1.0 mol/min, triglycerides <1.0 mol/ min

29
Q

Aerobic energy system intensity

A

Submax intensity exercise (70-85% MHR)
Resting/ low intensity exercise (<70% MHR)

30
Q

Aerobic energy system yield

A

Large yield
38 ATP per glycogen molecule
441 ATP per triglyceride (147 per FFA)

31
Q

Aerobic energy system duration

A

75+ seconds

32
Q

Aerobic energy system by-products

A

CO2, H2O, heat

33
Q

ATP-PC system advantages

A
  • Simple anaerobic energy pathway
  • Provides energy at an explosive rate
  • Allows for maximal intensity affort
34
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis system advantages

A
  • Also an anaerobic energy pathway
  • Provides energy at a fast rate
  • Allows for high intensity efforts
  • Provides energy in larger amounts that ATP-PC
35
Q

Aerobic system advantages

A
  • Provides an “endless” amount of energy
  • Allows sustained long duration efforts
  • Produces non-toxic by-products
  • Ability to oxidise lactic acid
36
Q

ATP-PC system disadvantages

A
  • Limited intramuscular stores
  • Very limited amount of energy produced
  • Short duration of muscular effort
37
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis system disadvantages

A
  • Relatively small amounts of energy produced
  • By-product of H+ ions lead to fatigue
38
Q

Aerobic system disadvantages

A
  • Delay in aerobic responses at start of exercise
  • Slow rate of energy production
39
Q

Fatigue

A

Reduction in ability of muscles to generate force or power

40
Q

ATP-PC system fatigue factors

A

Accumulation of metabolic by-products (ADP and Pi), fuel depletion of CP

41
Q

Anaerobic glycolysis system fatigue factors

A

Accumulation of metabolic by-products (H+ ions)

42
Q

Aerobic system fatigue factors

A
  • Fuel depletion (glycogen)
  • CNS fatigue
  • Thermoregulatory fatigue
  • Dehydration
43
Q

Metabolic by-products

A

Substances left over after metabolic processes

Physical Education (Unit 3&4) (6 decks)

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