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Physical Education (Unit 3&4) > Acute responses to exercise > Flashcards

Acute responses to exercise Flashcards

1
Q

Ventilation

A

How much air is breathed in and out in one minute

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2
Q

Tidal Volume

A

Amount of air that moves in and out of the lungs with each respiratory cycle

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2
Q

Ventilation Formula

A

Tidal Volume x Respiratory Rate = V
V (L/min) = TV (L/breath) x RR (breaths/min)

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3
Q

Respiratory Rate

A

Number of breaths you take per minute

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4
Q

Ventilation during exercise

A

15-30 times greater than rest

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5
Q

Ventilation at low to moderate exercise intensity

A

Tidal volume and respiratory rate increase proportionally to increase ventilation

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6
Q

Ventilation at submaximal intensity

A

Ventilation increase rapidly then slows to plateau taking about 4-5 minutes

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7
Q

Ventilation at max intensity

A

Ventilation increases until exercise is stopped. Tidal volume plateaus and further increases in V are due to an increase in RR

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8
Q

Diffusion

A

Gas exchange occurs in the lungs at the alveolar-capillary interface and in the muscle of the tissue-capillary interface moves from high to low area of pressure

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9
Q

Diffusion in lungs

A
  • O2 is high, goes from alveoli into bloodstream
  • Co2 in blood high, goes from blood into alveoli
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10
Q

Diffusion in muscles

A
  • Blood O2 levels high and muscle O2 are low, blood to muscle
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11
Q

Diffusion during exercise

A

Increased due to increased surface area of alveoli and muscle tissue

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12
Q

Cardiac Output

A

The amount of blood pumped out of the heart in one minute

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13
Q

Stroke Volume

A

The amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle per beat

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14
Q

Heart Rate

A

the number of times the heart beats per minutes

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15
Q

Cardiac Output Equation

A

Q(L/min) = HR(beats per/min) x SV(ml/per beat)

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16
Q

Cardiac Output when exercising

A

Increase in HR and SV

17
Q

Cardiac Output in submaximal exercise

A

SV increase to max with any further increases in Q are a result of HR

18
Q

Cardiovascular Responses: Blood pressure

A
  • Increase in Q = an increase in blood pressure
  • Arteries vasodilate(increase) = more blood draining from arterioles into capillaries
    -Strength training = higher blood pressure but less HR a Q
19
Q

Venous Return increased by what 3 mechanisms

A
  1. Muscle pump - muscle contractions
  2. Respiratory pump
  3. Vasoconstriction
20
Q

Cardiovascular responses: Blood volume

A
  • During exercise blood volume decreases by around 10%
  • Plasma levels decrease in first 5 minutes then stabilise
21
Q

Redistribution to Blood flow during exercise

A
  • Away from spleen, kidney, gastrointestinal tract
  • To working muscles
  • Heart and blood flow maintained
  • Blood supply to heart increase
  • Blood flow to skin assists in regulation of body temperature HOWEVER during max this decreases
22
Q

A-VO2 difference

A

Arteriovenous - oxygen difference: The difference in oxygen content between the arteriol blood and the venous blood. During exercise the working muscles extract greater amounts of O2 from the blood increasing AVO2 difference

23
Q

Muscular responses: Motor unit recruitment

A
  • Exercise= increase in amount of force developed in working muscle
  • To do this more motor units need to be recruited
  • Strength and speed dictate how many motor units are recruited
  • Motor units will contract maximally or not at all
24
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A

A chemical compound made up of adenosine and three phosphates

25
Q

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

A

A chemical compound made up of adenosine and two phosphates

26
Q

Phosphocreatine (PC)

A

A chemical fuel (also called creatine phosphate or CP) consisting of a bound phosphate and creatine molecule

27
Q

Muscular responses: Energy substrates

A
  • ATP immediate source of all muscular contractions
  • Short supply so then muscles rely on energy substrates for fuel
  • During exercise PC donates a phosphate to ADP to resynthesise ATP
  • Exercise = decrease in fuel levels (ATP, PC, glycogen, intramuscular triglyceride concentration) within muscle
28
Q

Muscular responses: Lactate

A
  • At sub max exercise sharp increase in lactate – until O2 can meet demand of the muscle and lactate removed
  • At greater intensities blood lactate levels increases beyond removal rate – Lactate Inflection Point
29
Q

Lactate Inflection Point

A

The exercise intensity beyond which lactate production exceeds removal, sometimes referred to as the lactate threshold

30
Q

Venous Return

A

The rate of blood flow back to the heart

31
Q

What happens in redistribution of blood flow

A

Vasoconstriction of arterioles supplying inactive muscles and organs reduces blood flow here and vasodilation of arterioles supplying active muscles increases blood flow.

32
Q

Why is there a redistribution of blood flow

A

To allow blood (oxygen and glucose) to be transported to the working muscles which have a high demand for energy

33
Q

Diffusion

A

Where gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide always move from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

34
Q

VO2 Max

A

The maximum amount of oxygen an individual can utilise during intense or maximal exercise.

35
Q

How VO2 max assists performance

A

The greater your VO2 max, the more oxygen your body can consume and the more effectively your body can use that oxygen to generate the maximum amount of ATP energy.

36
Q

Oxygen defict

A

The period of time when you start exercising in which the bodies oxygen demand exceed the supply from its systems.

37
Q

Steady State

A

When oxygen supply equals oxygen demand

38
Q

EPOC stands for

A

Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption

39
Q

Oxygen Debt or EPOC

A

The time in exercise where the athlete has more oxygen supply then the oxygen demand. Occurs in warm down, and assists in removal of metabolic byproducts

40
Q

Oxygen debt two parts

A
  1. Restoring PC takes 2-3 minutes and 2-3 litres of oxygen is consumed
  2. Removal of lactic acid

Physical Education (Unit 3&4) (6 decks)

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