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PT 632 Motor Control > Skill Acquisition > Flashcards

Skill Acquisition Flashcards

1
Q

what is the sequence of Bloom’s Taxonomy from bottom to top

A
  • remember
  • understand
  • apply
  • analyze
  • evaluate
  • create
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2
Q

what is skill acquisition

A

ability to learn a motor skill to improve performance

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3
Q

what must skill acquisition be

A

goal and task driven

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4
Q

what is attention associated with

A

perception, cognition, and motor activities

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5
Q

what are the two types of attentional forces

A

internal and external

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6
Q

what is internal attentional force

A

focusing on your movement/self

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7
Q

what is external attentional force

A

focusing on the environment

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8
Q

which (internal or external) focus will disrupt motor performance of a highly skilled person vs a low skilled person

A
  • high skilled: internal (“choking”)
  • low skilled: external focus
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9
Q

tasks are performed in serial order making it difficult to perform multiple tasks at the same time

A

filter theory

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10
Q

what does filter theory lead to and what does it mean

A

bottleneck - only so much info can be processed at one time, leading to delay in processing tasks (funnel)

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11
Q

attention comes from central reserve with activities competing for space

A

central resource capacity model (parallel processing)

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12
Q

ability to carry out tasks; a function of ability to process from reserve

A

kahneman’s attention theory

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13
Q

what does kahneman’s attention theory depend on

A

arousal of the subject and other tasks siphoning off reserve

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14
Q

what 3 rules direct attention

A
  • involuntarily allocated attention to distractions (visual, auditory, environmental)
  • meaningfulness of task/event
  • intentions at the time (focus on a specific portion of the task)
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15
Q

what are the 3 attention theories

A
  • filter theory
  • central resource capacity model
  • kahneman’s attention theory
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16
Q

what are some examples of conditions that can alter arousal

A

TBI, ASD, stroke, down syndrome, ADHD

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17
Q

what are the two concepts that effect arousal level on movement

A
  • perceptual narrowing
  • inverted U principle
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18
Q

increased arousal leads to narrowing attentional focus

A

perceptual narrowing

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19
Q

what arousal level is motor performance best at and what principle is this

A
  • moderate level
  • inverted U principle
20
Q

degree of desire someone has to perform a task

A

motivation

21
Q

a person’s desire to compete/social compromise

A

achievement motivation

22
Q

what is achievement motivation based on

A

personality

23
Q

what are the two types of achievement motivation

A
  • motivated to achieve success (MAS)
  • motivated to avoid failure (MAF)
24
Q

define motivated to achieve success (MAS)

A

do well in new, challenging situations, like pressure, get psyched, check out of non-challenging activities

25
Q

define motivated to avoid failure (MAF)

A

do well in less stressful situations or extremely difficult situations (pressure to perform is ablated), desire to preserve their ego, if challenge is too hard they will stop trying and avoid the situation

26
Q

____ feedback improves overall motivational levels and provides positive reinforcement for performing a task

A

augmented (external)

27
Q

what are the two types of augmented feedback

A
  • knowledge of results (KR)
  • knowledge of performance (KP)
28
Q

using various tests/times/measures to provide feedback of performance and provide an example

A

knowledge of results
- your gait speed is 1.2 m/s now, it used to be .9 m/s

29
Q

feedback of performing the actual task and provide an example

A

knowledge of performance (KP)
- using camera, hands on feedback of gait with patient

30
Q

internal condition that incites and directs actions or behavior; influences learners being receptive towards learning; primary determinant for engaging practice

A

motivation to move

31
Q

what are ways to increase motivation

A
  • give learners choices
  • provide opportunities for learners to initiate activities and be self-directed
  • allow freedom of expression and flexibility in criteria for success
  • establish clear expectations and consequences (positive and negative)
  • give positive feedback for good performance and corrective feedback for less successful performance
  • offer opportunities to demonstrate competence as well as to become successful
  • use cooperative activities and stress cooperation
32
Q

describe Fitts’ law

A

UE movement accuracy is a function of speed of movement and distance; the slower the movement, the more accurate you will be

33
Q

what is another name for fitts’ law

A

speed-accuracy tradeoff

34
Q

examples of Fitts’ law

A
  • push the elevator button fast and slow
  • flick the lights on/off to the room
  • take a drink of water from a full glass
  • threading a needle
35
Q

what is one of the most important law governing human movement

A

fitts’ law

36
Q

applying fitts’ law, if the target gets smaller or the distance becomes greater, movement time will ______

A

increase

37
Q

the results of fitts’ law state that the higher the index of difficulty, the _____ the difficulty

A

higher

38
Q

examples of speed-accuracy tradeoff in the clinic

A
  • RTC repair pt moving slowly with IR/ER to ensure proper movement
  • an elderly pt w/ dementia tapping a balloon
  • baseball player learning a new swing
  • new lacrosse player learning to cradle
  • pt with PD w/ festinating gait
  • a pt after stroke placing a peg in a board with their hemiparetic UE
39
Q

what plays a large role in the speed-accuracy trade-off because it determines many parameters of movement (anticipated weight of object, distance to travel, shape of object and optimum grasp technique, direction of travel)

A

vision

40
Q

after vision is stimulated during speed accuracy trade off, where does the information get sent to determine motor plan/proper characteristics

A

CNS

41
Q

____ and ____ help with feedforward to alter motor plan for greater success

A

vision and anticipated success rate

42
Q

what happens to the speed-accuracy trade off in pts with altered sensory awareness (diploplia, cataracts, MD, reduced sensation)

A

would see speed accuracy diminish

43
Q

the ability to organize an efficient movement pattern to achieve a specific goal

A

coordination

44
Q

ability to control all muscles, bones, nerves, joint into purposeful action

A

degrees of freedom (problem with AI robotics)

45
Q

limbs performing a same task and examples

A

symmetrical bimanual coordination
- rowing a boat, setting a volleyball, propelling a WC

46
Q

limbs performing different tasks

A

asymmetrical bimanual coordination
- archery, playing guitar, playing piano, tennis service

47
Q

what type of bimanual coordination does the brain prefer

A

symmetrical

PT 632 Motor Control (9 decks)

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