Skill Acquisition Flashcards
what is the sequence of Bloom’s Taxonomy from bottom to top
- remember
- understand
- apply
- analyze
- evaluate
- create
what is skill acquisition
ability to learn a motor skill to improve performance
what must skill acquisition be
goal and task driven
what is attention associated with
perception, cognition, and motor activities
what are the two types of attentional forces
internal and external
what is internal attentional force
focusing on your movement/self
what is external attentional force
focusing on the environment
which (internal or external) focus will disrupt motor performance of a highly skilled person vs a low skilled person
- high skilled: internal (“choking”)
- low skilled: external focus
tasks are performed in serial order making it difficult to perform multiple tasks at the same time
filter theory
what does filter theory lead to and what does it mean
bottleneck - only so much info can be processed at one time, leading to delay in processing tasks (funnel)
attention comes from central reserve with activities competing for space
central resource capacity model (parallel processing)
ability to carry out tasks; a function of ability to process from reserve
kahneman’s attention theory
what does kahneman’s attention theory depend on
arousal of the subject and other tasks siphoning off reserve
what 3 rules direct attention
- involuntarily allocated attention to distractions (visual, auditory, environmental)
- meaningfulness of task/event
- intentions at the time (focus on a specific portion of the task)
what are the 3 attention theories
- filter theory
- central resource capacity model
- kahneman’s attention theory
what are some examples of conditions that can alter arousal
TBI, ASD, stroke, down syndrome, ADHD
what are the two concepts that effect arousal level on movement
- perceptual narrowing
- inverted U principle
increased arousal leads to narrowing attentional focus
perceptual narrowing
what arousal level is motor performance best at and what principle is this
- moderate level
- inverted U principle
degree of desire someone has to perform a task
motivation
a person’s desire to compete/social compromise
achievement motivation
what is achievement motivation based on
personality
what are the two types of achievement motivation
- motivated to achieve success (MAS)
- motivated to avoid failure (MAF)
define motivated to achieve success (MAS)
do well in new, challenging situations, like pressure, get psyched, check out of non-challenging activities
define motivated to avoid failure (MAF)
do well in less stressful situations or extremely difficult situations (pressure to perform is ablated), desire to preserve their ego, if challenge is too hard they will stop trying and avoid the situation
____ feedback improves overall motivational levels and provides positive reinforcement for performing a task
augmented (external)
what are the two types of augmented feedback
- knowledge of results (KR)
- knowledge of performance (KP)
using various tests/times/measures to provide feedback of performance and provide an example
knowledge of results
- your gait speed is 1.2 m/s now, it used to be .9 m/s
feedback of performing the actual task and provide an example
knowledge of performance (KP)
- using camera, hands on feedback of gait with patient
internal condition that incites and directs actions or behavior; influences learners being receptive towards learning; primary determinant for engaging practice
motivation to move
what are ways to increase motivation
- give learners choices
- provide opportunities for learners to initiate activities and be self-directed
- allow freedom of expression and flexibility in criteria for success
- establish clear expectations and consequences (positive and negative)
- give positive feedback for good performance and corrective feedback for less successful performance
- offer opportunities to demonstrate competence as well as to become successful
- use cooperative activities and stress cooperation
describe Fitts’ law
UE movement accuracy is a function of speed of movement and distance; the slower the movement, the more accurate you will be
what is another name for fitts’ law
speed-accuracy tradeoff
examples of Fitts’ law
- push the elevator button fast and slow
- flick the lights on/off to the room
- take a drink of water from a full glass
- threading a needle
what is one of the most important law governing human movement
fitts’ law
applying fitts’ law, if the target gets smaller or the distance becomes greater, movement time will ______
increase
the results of fitts’ law state that the higher the index of difficulty, the _____ the difficulty
higher
examples of speed-accuracy tradeoff in the clinic
- RTC repair pt moving slowly with IR/ER to ensure proper movement
- an elderly pt w/ dementia tapping a balloon
- baseball player learning a new swing
- new lacrosse player learning to cradle
- pt with PD w/ festinating gait
- a pt after stroke placing a peg in a board with their hemiparetic UE
what plays a large role in the speed-accuracy trade-off because it determines many parameters of movement (anticipated weight of object, distance to travel, shape of object and optimum grasp technique, direction of travel)
vision
after vision is stimulated during speed accuracy trade off, where does the information get sent to determine motor plan/proper characteristics
CNS
____ and ____ help with feedforward to alter motor plan for greater success
vision and anticipated success rate
what happens to the speed-accuracy trade off in pts with altered sensory awareness (diploplia, cataracts, MD, reduced sensation)
would see speed accuracy diminish
the ability to organize an efficient movement pattern to achieve a specific goal
coordination
ability to control all muscles, bones, nerves, joint into purposeful action
degrees of freedom (problem with AI robotics)
limbs performing a same task and examples
symmetrical bimanual coordination
- rowing a boat, setting a volleyball, propelling a WC
limbs performing different tasks
asymmetrical bimanual coordination
- archery, playing guitar, playing piano, tennis service
what type of bimanual coordination does the brain prefer
symmetrical
