Practice and Feedback in Motor Learning

Question 1

used to imprint/strength motor plans and leads to easier movement patterns, less energy requirements and automacy of movement

Answer 1

practice

Question 2

variables to consider with practice

Answer 2

length of practice time, frequency of practice, structure of session, feedback, rest breaks, pt sx

Question 3

what parameters should you consider manipulating with practice

Answer 3

speed, time (accuracy), frequency, intensity/resistance

Question 4

practice should be

Answer 4

purposeful/goal oriented

Question 5

a practice session in which the amount of practice time is greater than rest time

Answer 5

massed practice

Question 6

for continuous tasks, performance degrades due to fatigue, causing learning to be slightly affected on task transfer

Answer 6

massed practice

Question 7

a practice session in which the amount of rest between sessions is equal or greater than the session

Answer 7

distributed practice

Question 8

better for pts who fatigue or have limited cognition; may lead to better task transfer and overall learning (processing time to imprint skill)

Answer 8

distributed practice

Question 9

examples of massed practice

Answer 9

• one 3 hours practice practice once a week
• six 2 hours sessions 2x/week for 3 weeks
• six 2 hour sessions 1x/week for 6 weeks

Question 10

examples of distributed practice

Answer 10

• three 1 hours practices per week
• twelve 1 hour sessions 1x/week for 12 weeks
• 24 30 minute session 2x/week for 12 weeks

Question 11

practicing at one specific speed, repeitition or skill; leads to less ability to adapt and generalize learning

Answer 11

constant learning

Question 12

is constant or variable better for pt with limited cognitive processing

Answer 12

constant

Question 13

practicing the same skill at different speeds or frequencies; leads to best adaptation of skill and improved generalized learning

Answer 13

variable practice

Question 14

practice 3 point shots from the same place

Answer 14

constant

Question 15

practice shooting from various points on the court

Answer 15

variable

Question 16

______ leads to worse practice performance but superior retention and transfer (learning)

Answer 16

contextual interference

Question 17

most effective at learning tasks with different motor patterns

Answer 17

random practice

Question 18

intellectual ability/motivation may be factor as performance will be worse during what phase

Answer 18

skill acquisition phase

Question 19

multiple skills practiced during a single session allowing for improved transfer of skills; best when using skills with different motor patterns and coordination

Answer 19

contextual interference - random practice

Question 20

practicing multiple skills in random order that use different coordination patterns and different motor patterns

Answer 20

random practice

Question 21

practicing sit to stands from varying surfaces along with balance and gait activities

Answer 21

random practice

Question 22

practicing multiple skills in a session but practice one skill for a set time before moving to the next skill

Answer 22

blocked practice

Question 23

which is better, random or blocked, if cognition is affected

Answer 23

blocked

Question 24

during blocked practice, skill is better during what phase and worse during

Answer 24

• better: skill acquistion phase
• worse: skill transfer

Question 25

practicing sit to stands for a specific number of trials, then move to supine to sit and practice for a set number of trials

Answer 25

blocked

Question 26

interference during learning leads to better transfer of skill although poorer perforce during skull acquisition phase

Answer 26

contextual interference

Question 27

practicing the skill in its entirety

Answer 27

whole practice

Question 28

gait training and not breaking down specific components

Answer 28

whole practice

Question 29

breaking down the skill into components to learn entire skills

Answer 29

part practice

Question 30

the process of breaking down the components of a skill or movement and then ordering them in sequence

Answer 30

task analysis

Question 31

practicing initial contact and loading response with gait

Answer 31

part practice

Question 32

can only be used if task can be subdivided

Answer 32

part practice (ex: prone hip extension does not translate to hip extension during terminal stance)

Question 33

does whole or part training lead to the greatest effect in motor learn

Answer 33

both

Question 34

mentally practicing a motor skill in one's imagination can produce large positive effects

Answer 34

motor imagery

Question 35

_____ can enhance learning when physical practice is not possible

Answer 35

mental practice

Question 36

studies shows that imagery can help with acquisition of skill, but reaching max speed of execution takes how much physical practice

Answer 36

75%

Question 37

amount of transferability depends on what

Answer 37

- similarity between the 2 tasks or the 2 environments - also depends on type of practice

Question 38

what type of practice leads to best transfer of skill but worse during acqusition phase

Answer 38

random/variable

Question 39

what is the best way to help a patient learn

Answer 39

trial and error

Question 40

____ hinders transfer of learning as it may improve short term performance but hinders transferability of skill in long term

Answer 40

excessive guidance

Question 41

inherent; comes from one's own sensory system as a result of movement (visual, perception, auditory, tactile)

Answer 41

intrinsic feedback

Question 42

augmented; supplements intrinsic; can be given either concurrently or terminally; verbal or tactile cueing, video replay, biofeedback

Answer 42

extrinsic feedback

Question 43

what are the two forms of extrinsic feedback

Answer 43

- knowledge of results - knowledge of performance

Question 44

Feedback about the end/overall result of outcome of movement; Using various tests/times/measures to provide feedback of performance

Answer 44

knowledge of results

Question 45

Feedback about the nature or quality of movement Focus on the key task elements Feedback of performing the actual task

Answer 45

knowledge of performance

Question 46

may be the most important parameter to build skill

Answer 46

practice intensity

Question 47

____ is correlated with improved performance and function

Answer 47

higher reps

Question 48

_____ is most rapid early on and may continue to improve for many years

Answer 48

performance improvement

Question 49

optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning; combines attention, motivation and motor learning with dynamic systems theory

Answer 49

OPTIMAL theory of motor learning