Skill acquisition Flashcards
Characteristics of a skill
ACE FACE G
- Accurate
- Consistent
- Efficient
- Fluent
- Aesthetically pleasing
- Controlled
- Economic
- Goal-orientated
Open skill
- Environment changes
- high amount decision making
Closed skill
- environment conditions stable, enabling performer to repeat same moment pattern
- few decisions to make
gross skill
- large muscle groups used to perform the skill
Fine
- small muscles are used to perform a skill that requires precision
self-paced
performer in control of speed and timing of skill
Externally paced
must adapt as have no control over speed and timing of the skill. It is in the control of the sporting environment
Highly organised
skill difficult to break down into subroutines
Has to be practiced with whole practice
low organised
skill can be easily broken down into subroutines
Subroutines can be practiced in isolation
simple
limited decision making
complex
several decisions must be made
discrete
skill has clear beginning and ending
serial
number of discrete skills are performed together sequentially
Continuous
skill has no clear beginning or ending
end of subroutine of one skill becomes beginning subroutine of next
movement is cyclical
what is transfer of learning
effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another skill
positive transfer
learning a skill facilitates the learning of an additional skill
negative transfer
learning a skill inhibits the learning of another
zero transfer
no similarities between tasks, no effect on either skill
Bilateral
learning and performing a skill on one side of body is then transferred to the opposite side
ensuring positive transfer
- overlearn first skill before introducing second
- practice environment as close to game situation
- give positive reinforcement
- avoid teaching skills close together that might appear same but have distinct difference
Methods of presenting practice
whole
whole-part whole
progressive part practice
whole practice
skill presented in its entirety and not broken down into subroutines
when to use whole practice
skill is : highly organised continuous simple discrete fast not dangerous
performer is:
autonomous
advantages of whole practice
kinaesthesia developed fluency between subroutines maintained not time consuming creates clear mental image easily transferred into full game aids understanding
disadvantages whole practice
not ideal for cognitive performers
information overload and fatigue
must be physically capable of producing full skill
