Skewed Logic/Truth & Reality/ Theory and Research/ Sources of knowledge

Question 1

Define Bias

Answer 1

The quality of a measurement device that tends to result in a misrepresentation of what is being measured in a different direction

Question 2

Differentiate between hindsight bias and over confidence bias

Answer 2

Hindsight bias is a psychological phenomenon when one is convinced that they knew the outcome before it happened. This is the tendency to believe that after learning the outcome, you knew it all along.
Overconfidence bias is the tendency to think we know more than we do

Question 3

Define epistemology

Answer 3

The science of knowing

Question 4

Define methodology

Answer 4

The science of finding out

Question 5

What is theory?

Answer 5

A well established principle that has been developed to explain some aspect of the natural world

Question 6

Define hypothesis

Answer 6

A statement often indicating a claimed pattern of cause and effect or it can also be defined as a testable expectation of how the nature of things is derived by a theory or it can also be defined as a statement often indicating a claimed pattern of cause and effect

Question 7

What are the three characteristics of scientists’ claims?

Answer 7

Must be coherent, non-contradictory, evidence based

Question 8

State the five sources of knowledge

Answer 8

1. Customs and traditions 2. Authority 3. Personal experience 4. Deductive reasoning 5. scientific inquiry

Question 9

Why is theory relevant to research?

Answer 9

It allows the researcher to interpret information via pre-existing knowledge held in theory