Concepts, Ideas, Assocation & Causation

Question 1

What are variables?

Answer 1

Concepts that vary or change from one observation to another

Question 2

What is a concept?

Answer 2

An idea

Question 3

Differentiate between association and causation

Answer 3

Association is any relationship between two measured quantities that renders them statistically dependent
Causation is when one phenomenon being studied brings about the other

Question 4

Define technical sequence

Answer 4

When one phenomenon being studied occurs earlier in time than the others

Question 5

Differentiate between necessary and sufficient conditions

Answer 5

Necessary conditions: a condition that must be presented in order for some outcome to occur
Sufficient conditions: a condition in which the predicted outcomes will definitely occur.

Question 6

Give another name for the dependent variable

Answer 6

Criterion variable

Question 7

Give another name for the independent variable

Answer 7

Predictor variable

Question 8

What is the dependent variable?

Answer 8

A variable assumed to be reliant on or caused by another

Question 9

What is the independent variable?

Answer 9

The variable that is changed or manipulated

Question 10

Differentiate between continuous and discrete variable

Answer 10

Continuous variable: one that theoretically can have an infinite number of valves between adjacent units on the scale ( weight, height, time)
Discrete variable: one in which there are no possible values between adjacent units on the scale (number of children per family)