Sketchy Path: Neuro - "Alzheimer Disease and Dementia"

Question 1

Dementia is _____________________.

Answer 1

a chronic degeneration in at least one cognitive ability –memory, speech, attention–with clear consciousness

Question 2

___________ leads to Alzheimer’s as early as 35.

Answer 2

Down syndrome (like the model for the new DOWNtown with the kid holding the APP crown)

Question 3

Mutations in ______________ lead to increased risk of early-onset Alzheimer disease.

Answer 3

presenilin 1 and 2 (like the two princes fighting over the beta cloak with 1 and 2 on their tunics)

Question 4

Being ____________ in apo E4 increases risk of late-onset AD.

Answer 4

homozygous

Think of the 4 E’s.

Question 5

Which plaques are extracellular?

Answer 5

Beta amyloid (like the betas on the external cape)

The tau plaques are intracellular (like the purple taus on the central aspect of the king’s body).

Question 6

Alzheimer’s presents with marked atrophy in the ______________.

Answer 6

hippocampi (like the two seahorses on the Earl’s jacket)

Question 7

Alzheimer’s has low levels of which neurotransmitter?

Answer 7

Acetylcholine (particularly in the nucelus basalis of maynart)

(Think of the empty bottle of acetylcola.)

Question 8

The two early features of Alzheimer’s are ________________.

Answer 8

short-term memory loss and visuospatial difficulties (like the Recent Events magazine and map that the king is holding)

Language, personality, and social function are preserved until late.

Question 9

Frontotemporal dementia has what inheritance pattern?

Answer 9

AD (like the domino suit worn by the jester)

Question 10

FTD primarily affects which functions?

Answer 10

Language and personality (not memory!)

Think of the jester with the hand over his mouth and the bizarre face on a stick.

Question 11

FTD has what kind of protein deposit?

Answer 11

Tau (like the Tau beneath the jester’s cups that you PICK… get it?)

Question 12

FTD is associated with what other neurologic disorder?

Answer 12

ALS (like the spine image on his collar with frayed edges)

Question 13

Lewy body dementia presents with ______________ in the cells.

Answer 13

alpha-synuclein (Lewy bodies)

Think of the alpha on the dead king Lewy’s grave.

Question 14

DLB presents with dementia, ____________, and ____________.

Answer 14

hallucinations; Parkinson’s

Think of the cogwheels on the grave and the demons in the painting.

Question 15

What cells are seen in HIV dementia?

Answer 15

Microglial cells with multiple nuclei

Think of the cages with demons with multiple eyes.

Question 16

FTD is associated with tau and _______________.

Answer 16

TDP-43 (like The Dancing Prankster 43)