Sketchy Path: Magnesium Ammonium, Phosphate (MAP) Stones, Uric Acid Stones, & Cystine Stones Flashcards
The second most common type of kidney stones in adults is ___________.
MAP
MAP stones are also called ________________.
staghorn calculi or struvite (like the Stag above the MAP)
MAP stones form almost exclusively in those ________________.
infected with a urease-positive organism (like Proteus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, or Klebsiella)
What shape do MAP stones have?
Coffin-lid (like the coffin by the MAP frontierswoman)
List three conditions that uric acid stones might be seen in.
- Gout (yellow yarn tofus)
- Lesch-Nyhan
- Tumor lysis syndrome (broken cathedral window)
Note: 50% of uric acid stones are idiopathic.
What condition predisposes people to uric acid stones?
Acidic urine (like the acid spill coming from the factory)
This can be idiopathic or caused by diarrhea leading to metabolic acidosis (like the diarrhea runoff from the church).
List two medical treatments for uric acid stones.
- Allopurinol (nun on the steps)
* Potassium bicarb (alkaline bucket being tossed on the yellow acid)
Uric acid stones have what shape?
Diamond (notice the diamond on the church)
Cystine stones are seen in what disorder?
Cystinuria, which presents with excess excretion of cystine, ornithine, arginine, and lysine (like the COAL pile by the CiSTerN)
What inheritance pattern does cystinuria have?
AR (like the kid receding behind his mom)
Cystine can form ___________ stones.
staghorn
Think of the Stag beneath the cistern.
What shape do cystine stones take?
Hexagons (like the hexagonal coal briquettes)
The _____________ test can diagnose cystinuria.
cyanide/nitroprusside (like the stream of yellow turning blue in the cyanine/nitroprusside smoke)
_______________ can be used to treat cystinuria.
Penicillamine (like the pencil mine behind the COAL)
