Skeleton Structure Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton
Support, movement, protection, storage and red blood cell formation
Types of bone
Compact and cancellous
Features of compact bone
Strong, good at transmitting force in one direction
Features of cancellous bone
Light and spongy, shock absorbing, resists and channels force from multiple directions
Classes of bone
Long, short, flat, irregular
Long bone features
Longer than wide
Wider epiphyses and longer diaphysis
Acts as lever
Thicker compact bone in diaphysis
Mostly limb bones
Features of short bones
Close to equal width and length
Mostly cancellous bones
Weight bearing
Flat bones
More surface area
Protection
More muscle attachment
Thin plates of compact bone
Irregular bones
Various shapes and functions
Doesn’t fit other categories
Divisions of skeleton
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Bones in Axial skeleton
Skull
Sternum
Ribs
Vertebral column
Sacrum
Coccyx
Bones in Appendicular skeleton
Limbs
Long bones
Purpose of axial skeleton
Protection of vital organs
Purpose of appendicular skeleton
Important for movement
What bones make up the skull
Cranium
Facial bones
What joins the bones of the skull
Sutures
Purpose of vertebral column
Keeps the trunk upright
Supports head
Divisions of vertebral column
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacrum
Coccyx
How many cervical vertebrae
7
How many thoracic vertebrae
12
How many lumbar vertebrae
5
How many ribs on the rib cage
24
The two proximal long bones
Humerus and femur
The two sets of distal long bones
Ulna and radius
Tibia and fibula
Differences between U&R and T&F
U&R more mobile
U&R not weight bearing
What provides leg stability
No pronation/supination
Ankle joint is very stable
Tibia is very robust
Bones that make up the hand
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
How many carpals in the hand
8
How many metacarpals in the hand
5
How many phalanges in the hand
14
What bones make up the foot
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
How many tarsals in the foot
7
How many metatarsals in the foot
5
How many phalanges in the foot
14
What attaches the shoulder to the axial skeleton
Pectoral girdle
What makes up the pectoral girdle
Clavicle and scapula
What attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
Pelvic girdle
What makes up the pelvic girdle
2 hip bones
Sacrum
Defining feature of female pelvis
Larger pelvic cavity - more circular
Pelvis outlet more open
