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HUBS 191 > Bone growth > Flashcards

Bone growth Flashcards

1
Q

At what stage does the cartilage model develop

A

Approximately 6 weeks after fertilisation

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2
Q

What is the process of turning cartilage into bone called

A

Endochondral ossification

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3
Q

Does endochondral ossification start from the outside of the cartilage or from the centre

A

The centre

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4
Q

What is the first place to turn to bone

A

Diaphysis - Primary ossification centre

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5
Q

Where are the secondary ossification centres

A

The epiphyses

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6
Q

What separates the diaphysis and epiphyses during ossification

A

The epiphyseal/growth plate

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7
Q

What enables bones to grow in length

A

Epiphyseal/growth plate

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8
Q

At what stage do epiphyses start to fuse with diaphyses

A

During puberty

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9
Q

What is it called when bones grow in width

A

Appositional growth

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10
Q

What causes bones to grow in width

A

Osteoblast activity produces circumferential lamallae
Osteoclasts mould bone shape and form medullary cavity

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11
Q

Features of a joint

A
  • Holds bones together
  • involves bone ends
  • Involves soft tissue
  • Allows control of movement
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12
Q

What are the two key soft tissues

A

Cartilage and Dense fibrous connective tissue (DFCT)

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13
Q

What are the two key types of cartilage

A

Hyaline (articular) and Fibrocartilage

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14
Q

What are the three main uses of DFCT

A

Ligaments
Tendons
Joint capsules

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15
Q

How does cartilage receive nutrients without blood vessels

A

They are diffused through matrix by joint loading (movement at joint squishes fluid through)

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16
Q

Function of Hyaline cartilage

A

Resist compression

17
Q

Why is hyaline cartilage popular in synovial joints

A
  • Moulds to surfaces of bones where they articulate
  • Creates smooth surface allowing frictionless movement
18
Q

Function of fibrocartilage

A

Resist compression and tension

19
Q

Why is fibrocartilage used at joints that experience both compression and tension rather than just compression like hyaline

A

Fibrocartilage contains more collagen fibres than hyaline cartilage making it better at absorbing and distributing force

20
Q

What does DFCT stand for

A

Dense fibrous connective tissue

21
Q

Features of DFCT

A

Fibroblasts
Collagen fibres
Tightly packed
Slow to heal

22
Q

Function of DFCT

A

Resist tension

23
Q

What do ligaments do

A
  • Connect bone to bone
  • Restrict movement (away from themselves)
24
Q

What do tendons do

A
  • connect muscle to bone
  • Facilitates and controls movement
  • Contraction of muscles transmitted to bone
25
Q

Do ligaments or tendons contain more elastin and what does it do

A

Ligaments contains more
- it resists tension while allowing a little stretch and recoil

26
Q

What is bony congruence

A

Sum of bone surfaces that form an articulation (how much the bones touch)

27
Q

How much soft tissue is required if there is a low bony congruence

A

More sot tissue is required to provide support

28
Q

What are the three different joint classifications in order of movement allowed

A

Fibrous - least movement
Cartilaginous - some movement
Synovial - most movement

29
Q

What is a tissue

A

Cells grouped together in a highly organised manner according to specific structure and function e.g. DFCT

30
Q

What is a structure

A

Something formed of a tissue e.g. ligament

31
Q

What is the tissue found on fibrous joints and what is the function

A

Tissue - DFCT
Function - limit movement, provide stability

32
Q

What is the tissue found on cartilaginous joints and what is the function

A

Tissue - fibrocartilage
Function - some movement

33
Q

What is the tissue found on synovial joints and what is the function

A

Tissue - many
Function - allow lots of movement

34
Q
A

HUBS 191 (7 decks)

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