Bone tissue and structure Flashcards

1
Q

Why can bone tissue be classified as living

A

It contains cells

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2
Q

What does ECM stand for

A

Extracellular matrix

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3
Q

What is bone tissue composed of

A

Connective tissue and the extracellular matrix

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4
Q

What are the two components of the extracellular matrix

A

Organic and inorganic

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5
Q

What percentage of the ECM is organic

A

33%

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6
Q

What makes up the organic ECM

A

Collagen (protein) and proteoglycans

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7
Q

Purpose of organic ECM

A

Provides flexibility to resist tension

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8
Q

What percentage of the ECM is inorganic

A

67%

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9
Q

What makes up the inorganic ECM

A

Hydroxyapatite and other Ca minerals

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10
Q

Purpose of the inorganic ECM

A

Makes the bone hard and provides strength

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11
Q

What percentage of bone weight do cells make up

A

2%

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12
Q

Bone tissue contains what four cells

A

Osteogenic
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes (mature bone cells)
Osteoclasts

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13
Q

What is the main purpose of the four cells

A

To maintain bone homeostasis

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14
Q

What do osteogenic cells do

A

Stem cells that produce osteoblasts

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15
Q

What do osteoblasts cells do

A

Makers - produce new bone matrix

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16
Q

What do osteocytes cells do

A

Recycle protein and minerals from matrix (maintainers).
Control if bone needs to be produced or removed

17
Q

What do osteoclasts cells do

A

Remove bone matrix (destroyers)

18
Q

What is the structure of compact bone

A

Osteon structure

19
Q

What is the structure of cancellous bone

A

Trabecular structure

20
Q

What are the compact units that make up compact bone called

A

Osteons

21
Q

What are the 4 components of an osteon

A

Central canal
Lamallae
Lacunae
Canaliculi

22
Q

What is the central canal

A

Cavity in the center of the osteon containing blood vessels and nerves

23
Q

What is the lamallae

A

Series of cylinders formed of ECM around the central canal

24
Q

What is the lacunae

A

Lakes for osteocytes within the lamallae

25
Q

What is a canliculi

A

Channel for osteocytes through ECM

26
Q

Microscopic view of compact bone

A

Made up of circumferential lamallae and osteon units

27
Q

Macroscopic view of compact bone

A
  • Dense and impenetrable
  • Foramina for nerves and blood supply
28
Q

Cancellous bone microscopic structure

A

Trabeculae (branches of lamella bone)

29
Q

Where are Osteocytes located in cancellous bone

A

In lacuna in between lamallae

30
Q

Why does cancellous bone not contain a central canal

A

Blood vessels and nerves can get directly to osteocytes in the centre through the canaliculi

31
Q

Why do cancellous bones have a trabecular structure

A
  • Resists force from multiple directions
  • Directs force from body weight in single direction down shaft
  • Spreads force distally
32
Q

What is appositional growth

A

Growth in the diameter of a bone

33
Q

How do bones grow and the diameter change

A

-Osteoblasts add bone matrix in lamallae to the bone surface
- Osteoclasts remove bone from the medullary cavity (center)

34
Q

What is bone homeostasis

A

Balance in osteoblast and osteoclast activity

35
Q

What is bone remodelling

A
  • Possible shape change throughout life to resist strain.
  • Possible through bone constantly being formed and destroyed
36
Q
A