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Clinical Anatomy Block 2 > Skeleton (Joints of the Upper limb) > Flashcards

Skeleton (Joints of the Upper limb) Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 Joints of the Pectoral Girdle?

A
  1. Sternoclavicular joint
    * Clavicular movement
  2. Acromioclavicular joint
    * Scapular movement
  3. Glenohumeral joint
    * Humeral movement

*All three joints move at the same time

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2
Q

What is the Sternoclavicular Joint?

A
  1. Sellar Joint or “saddle joint”
    * Flexion-Extension
    * Abduction-Adduction
  2. Articular surface:
  • Clavicle (sternal end)
  • Manubrium sterni (sternal notch)
  • 1st costal cartilage
  1. Articular disc: divides the joint’s interior into 2 compartments
  2. Dislocation is rare
    * Clavicle breaks first
  3. Costoclavicular ligament
  • Anchors sternal end of 1st rib
  • Limits elevation of pectoral girdle
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3
Q

What is the Acromioclavicular Joint?

A
  1. Plane Joint (gliding/sliding)
  • Movement:
    • Associated with scapular and humeral movements
    • Elevatation/Depression
    • Protraction/Retraction
    • Rotation
  1. Articular surfaces:
  • Lateral end of clavicle
  • Acromion of scapula
  • Partially separated by an articular disc
  1. Contains:
  • Coracoclavicular ligament- Maintains joint integrity
    • Trapezoid ligament
    • Conoid ligament
  1. Dislocation- Not uncommon
    * Rupture of coracoclavicular ligament
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4
Q

What is the Glenohumeral Joint?

A
  1. Spheriodal
    * Synovial ball-and-socket joint
  2. Articular surface:
  • Humeral head
  • Glenoid cavity (deepened by Glenoid labrum)
  1. Articular capsule
  • Very loose
  • Attaches to anatomical neck of humerus (laterally)
  • Supported by rotator cuff
    • Main stabilizing factor
  • Weakest area
    • Inferior part of the capsule
  1. Synovial membrane
    * Tubular synovial shealth for the tendon of the Long Head of Biceps Brachii
  2. Dislocation-
  • Usually Anterior/inferior
  • Damage to axillary nerve (seen in young individuals)
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5
Q

What are the ligaments of the Glenohumeral Joint?

A
  1. Ligaments:
  • Glenohumeral (Superior, Middle, Inferior) Ligament
    • Reinforces the Anterior part of the capsule
  • Coracoacromial Ligament
    • Blends with supraspinatus tendon
  • Transverse humeral Ligament
    • Bridges the intertubercular groove
  • Coracoacromial arch
    • Coracoacromial ligament
    • Coracoid process
    • Acromion
  1. Bursae: Protect tendons from rubbing against the bone
  • Subscapular bursa
    • Behind the subscapularis tendon
  • Subacromial bursa
    • Between the Coracoacromial arch and Supraspinatus tendon
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6
Q

What injuries occur in the Glenohumeral Joint?

A
  1. Subacromial bursitis
    * Pain even at rest
  2. Supraspinatus tendinitis
    * Calcification of tendon
  3. Painful arc syndrome
    * Pain beyond 50 degree motion of abducting the arm
  4. Anterior shoulder dislocation
  • Head of humerus losing contact with the glenoid cavity
    • Hyperextension
    • Excessive lateral rotation
      *
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7
Q

What is the Elbow Joint?

A
  1. Articular Surface
  • Humeral trochlea
    • Hinge: Flexion/Extension
  • Trochlear notch
  • Humeral capitulum
    • Spheroidal
  • Radial head
  1. Articular Capsule
  • Medial and lateral Epicondyles (outside the capsule)
  • Radial and Ulnar collateral ligament
  • Anular Ligament
  • Superior radioulnar capsule
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8
Q

What injuries occur on the Elbow Joint?

A
  1. Articular capsule
  • Thin anterior and posterior
    • Dislocation- falling on the hands and elbow flexed
      • Common in children
  1. Bursae:
  • Subcutaneous olecranon
    • Pressure/Friction
      • Student’s elbow
  • Subtendinous elecranon
    • Repeated flexion/extension
      • Inflammation
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9
Q

What is the Proximal Radioulnar Joint?

A
  1. Pivot Joint
    * Pronation/Supination
  2. Articular surfaces:
  • Circumference of radial head
  • Radial notch of ulna
  1. Articular capsule
    * Covers the Joint
  2. Annular ligament- attach to the radial notch of ulna
  • Osteofibrous ring
  • Pronation /Supination of radiusr
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10
Q

What is the Distal Radioulnar Joint?

A
  1. Pivot Joint
    * Pronation/Supination
  2. Articular Surface:
  • Head of ulna
  • Ulnar notch of radius
  1. Main uniting structure
  • Articular/ Triangular disc
    • Superior surface articulates with ulnar head
    • Inferior surface articulates with Lunate/triquetral
      • Appears in L shaped joint cavity
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11
Q

What injuries occur in the Proximal Radioulnar Joint?

A
  1. Subluxation of radial head
  • Nursemaid elbow- dislocation of radial head
    • Lift to upper limb while forearm is pronated
    • Tearing of the loosely attachment of the annular ligament of the radial head
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12
Q

What is the Radiocarpal Joint?

A
  1. Ellipsoid Joint
  • Flexion-Extension
  • Abduction-Adduction
  1. Articular Surface
  • Carpal articular surface of radius
  • Articular (triangular) disc
  • Proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiform)
  1. Ligaments
  • Palmar (volar) radiocarpal and ulnocarpal
  • Dorsal radiocarpal and ulnocarpal
  • Collateral (radial and ulnar)
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13
Q

What is the Intercarpal Joint?

A
  1. Plane
    * Increase the range of movement of radiocarpal joint
  2. Articular surface:
  • Carpal bones
    • First row
    • Second row
    • Midcarpal
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14
Q

What is the Carpometacarpal of the Thumb?

A
  1. Sellar or saddle joint
    * Flexion-Extension
    * Abduction-Adduction
  2. Articular surface
  • Trapezium
  • Base of 1st metacarpal
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15
Q

What is the Intermetacarpal Joint?

A
  1. Plane Joint
    * Common fibrous capsule
  2. Articular surface
    * Metacarpal bases with each other
  3. Ligaments
  • Carpometacarpal (Dorsal and palmar)
  • Metacarpal (Dorsal and palmar)
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16
Q

What is the Metacarpophalangeal Joint?

A
  1. Ellipsoid
  • Flexion-Extension
  • Abduction-Adduction
  1. Articular surface
  • Head of metacarpals
  • Base of proximal phalanges
  1. Articular capsule
  • Collateral ligamens
  • Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments (connection)
17
Q

What is the Interphalangeal Joint?

A
  1. Hinge Joint
    * Flexion-Extension
  2. Articular surfaces
  • Head of phalanges
  • Base of phalanges
  1. Articular capsule
    * Collateral ligaments

Clinical Anatomy Block 2 (7 decks)

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