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Clinical Anatomy Block 2 > Neck (Anterior Triangle) > Flashcards

Neck (Anterior Triangle) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the Anterior Triangle of the Neck?

A
  1. Median line of neck (Midline “strap muscles”)
  2. Anterior border of SCM
  3. Inferior border of mandible
  4. Contains:
    a. Submandibular Triangle
    b. Carotid Triangle
    c. Muscular Triangle
    d. Submental Triange
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2
Q

What is the Muscular Triangle?

A
  1. Boundaries:
  • Omohyoid (Superior belly)
  • SCM (anterior border)
  • Median plane (Midline)
  1. Roof:
    * Superifical and Investing Fascia
  2. Contains:
  • Infrahyoid muscles
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Thyroid (and parathryoid glands)
  • Suprasternal space contains: (anterior jugular veins and jugular venous arch)
  • Pretracheal space contains: (Inferior thyroid veins and Thyroid ima artery)

*Thyroid ima artery is not present in everybody. Some people have it and other don’t

  1. Clinical Case:
    a. Emergency Tracheostomy: Allergic reaction that causes aliphatic shock, which vocal chords become swallon. Prevents air from passing and choking occurs.
  • Conducted at the gap between the Right and Left infrahyoid muscles
  • Below the 3rd level of the tracheal ring
  • Common of accidently cutting the Thyroid ima artery because it is not present in everyone
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3
Q

What is a Hyoid Bone?

A
  1. Between the floor of the mouth and thyroid cartilage
  2. Does not articulate with any other bone
  3. Muscles that keep it in place:
    a. Suprahyoid
    b. Infrahyoid

*Find adam’s apple and move superiorly to the next hard structure

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4
Q

What is the Suprahyoid Muscle?

A
  1. Connects the hyoid bone to the skull
  2. Contains: “My Gravy Spoon Darling”
  • Mylohyoid (Floor of the mouth); raphe mylohyoid attaches to the body of the hyoid bone
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric (Anterior and Posterior belly)
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5
Q

What is the Infrahyoid Muscles?

A
  1. Anchor the hyoid, sternum, clavicle, and scapula and depress the hyoid and larynx during swallowing and speaking
  2. Contains: “TOSS”
  • Sternohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
  • Thyrohyoid
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6
Q

What is the muscular action of the Suprahyoid Muscules?

A
  1. Elevate hyoid bone and larynx
  2. Stylohyoid retracts hyoid bone
  3. Digastric depress the manible
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7
Q

What is the muscular action of the Infrahyoid Muscles?

A
  1. Depress hyoid bone and larynx
  2. Thyrohyoid elevates larynx
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8
Q

What is the Nerve supply for the Suprahyoid Muscles?

A
  1. CN VII (facial nerve)
    * Supplies Stylohyoid and Digastric (posterior belly)
  2. Mylohyoid nerve (V3)
    * Supplies Mylohyoid and Digastric (anterior belly)
  3. C1 via XII (Hypoglossal nerve)
    * Geniohyoid
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9
Q

What is the Nerve supply of the Infrahyoid Muscles?

A
  1. Supply by the Ansa cervicalis
    * Except: Thyrohyoid (C1 via XII; hypoglossal nerve)
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10
Q

What is the Carotid Triangle?

A
  1. Boundaries:
  • Omohyoid (Superior belly)
  • SCM (anterior border)
  • Digastric (posterior belly)
  1. Roof:
  • Superficial and Investing fascia
  • Cervical branch of VII (facial nerve)
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11
Q

What are the Contents of the Carotid Triangle?

A
  1. Contains:
  • Deep cervical lymph nodes
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Ansa cervicalis
  • Carotid sheath and its contents
  • External carotid artery and branches except its terminal branches
  • Internal and External laryngeal nerve (superior laryngeal nerve)
  • Tonsilar branches of IX (Glossopharyngeal nerve)
  • Pharyngeal branches of IX and X
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12
Q

What is the Submental Triangle?

A
  1. Boundaries:
  • Digastric (anterior belly)
  • Hyoid Bone
  1. Roof:
    * Superficial and Investing Fascia
  2. Floor:
    * Mylohyoid muscles
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13
Q

What is the Submandibular Triangle?

A
  1. Boundaries:
    * Digastric (anterior / posterior belly)
    * Mandible (inferior border)
  2. Roof:
    * Superficial / investing fasciae
  3. Floor:
    * Mylohyoid muscles
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14
Q

What are the Contents of the Submental Triangle?

A
  1. Small veins unite to form Anterior Jugular veins
  2. Submental lymph nodes
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15
Q

What are the Contents of the Submandibular Triangle?

A
  1. Submandibular gland (superficial part)
  2. Superficial to gland
  • Submandibular gland
  • Lymph nodes
  • Facial vein
  1. Deep to gland
    * Facial artery
    * Hypoglossal nerve
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16
Q

What are the Zones of the Neck Trauma?

A

Serve as guides to determine the severity of the trauma

  1. Zone 1:
  • From: Clavicles and manubrium sterni
  • To: Inferior border of cricoid cartilage
  1. Zone 2:
  • From: Cricoid cartilage
  • To: Angles of the mandible
  1. Zone 3:
    * From Angles of the mandible and above

*Injury to Zone 1 and 3:

  • Obstruct airway
  • May cause severe bleeding
    • Greater risk of morbidity and mortality

*Injury to Zone 2:

  • Most common
  • Bleeding is more easily controlled, which lowers morbidity and mortality
17
Q

What are the Structures at Risk in ZONE 1?

A
  1. Cervical pleura and apex of lungs
  2. Thyroid and parathyroid glands
  3. Trachea (obstruct respiratory)
  4. Esophagus (Compromise breathing)
  5. Common carotid arteries
  6. Jugular veins
  7. Cervical part of vertebral column
18
Q

What are the Stuctures at Risk in ZONE 2?

A
  1. Superior pole of thyroid gland
  2. Thyroid and cricoid cartilages
  3. Larynx
  4. Esophagus
  5. Carotid arteries
  6. Jugular veins
  7. Cervical part of the vertebral column
19
Q

What are the Structures at Risk for Zone 3?

A
  1. Salivary Glands
  2. Oral and Nasal Cavities
  3. Oropharynx and Nasopharynx

Clinical Anatomy Block 2 (7 decks)

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