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anatomy & physiology > skeleton > Flashcards

skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

A young gymnast develops lower back pain and is diagnosed with spondylolisthesis. Which region of the spine is most likely affected?

A

Lumbar

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2
Q

A patient presents with a fractured hyoid bone. What major function is most likely impaired?

A

Swallowing

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3
Q

An X-ray of a patient shows decreased height due to vertebral compression fractures. Which condition is most consistent with these findings?

A

Kyphosis

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4
Q

A child’s skull shows premature closure of the sagittal suture. What is this condition called

A

Craniosynostosis

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5
Q

A patient with a skull injury damages their foramen magnum. Which structure might also be affected?

A

Spinal cord

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6
Q

A child is diagnosed with achondroplasia. What is the root cause of this skeletal abnormality?

A

Impaired endochondral ossification

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7
Q

An older adult experiences abnormal thickening of long bones and cranial bones, with irregular bone remodeling. Which condition is indicated?

A

Paget’s disease

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8
Q

A child’s forearm bends on one side while the other side breaks during a fall. What type of fracture is this?

A

Greenstick fracture

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9
Q

A middle-aged patient complains of joint pain and stiffness. Imaging shows cartilage erosion at the ends of bones in weight-bearing joints. What condition is this?

A

Osteoarthritis

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10
Q

A construction worker fractures their femur into multiple pieces after a heavy object falls on it. What type of fracture is this?

A

Comminuted fracture

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11
Q

A runner complains of foot pain, and X-rays reveal a hairline fracture on the metatarsals. What type of fracture is this?

A

Stress fracture

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12
Q

A young boy presents with a bowing of the legs and widening of the epiphyseal plates in X-rays. Which nutrient deficiency is the cause?

A

Vitamin D

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13
Q

An elderly patient experiences kyphosis and vertebral fractures due to decreased bone mass. Which condition is most likely responsible?

A

Osteoporosis

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14
Q

A patient presents with brittle bones and a history of frequent fractures. Tests reveal insufficient collagen in their bone matrix. What is the diagnosis?

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

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15
Q

What is the functional classification of a freely movable joint?

A

Diarthrosis

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16
Q

Which bone structure stores red bone marrow?

A

Epiphysis of long bones

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17
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs?

A

Fibrocartilage

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18
Q

Which bone feature provides the site of attachment for muscles?

A

Tuberosity

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19
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder?

A

Ball-and-socket

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20
Q

Which joint connects the axial skeleton to the lower limbs?

A

Sacroiliac joint

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21
Q

Which bone in the leg is not weight-bearing?

A

Fibula

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22
Q

What is the largest tarsal bone?

A

Calcaneus

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23
Q

What is the name of the cavity in the scapula that articulates with the humerus?

A

Glenoid cavity

24
Q

Which bone is the lateral bone of the forearm?

A

Radius

25
Q

Which structure allows the spinal cord to exit the cranium?

A

Foramen magnum

26
Q

Which part of the sternum articulates with the clavicle?

A

Manubrium

27
Q

How many pairs of true ribs are there in the human body?

A

. 7

28
Q

Which bone contains the sella turcica that houses the pituitary gland?

A

Sphenoid bone

29
Q

The atlas and axis are part of which region of the spine?

A

Cervical

30
Q

Which structure in compact bone allows the passage of blood vessels and nerves?

A

Central canal

31
Q

Which hormone increases calcium release from bones into the blood?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

32
Q

Which bones form the cranial vault?

A

Frontal, parietal, and occipital

33
Q

Which bone contains the cribriform plate?

A

Ethmoid

34
Q

What is the function of the foramen magnum in the occipital bone?

A

Allows the spinal cord to pass through

35
Q

What is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

. Lighten the skull and enhance voice resonance

36
Q

What is the anatomical name for the cheekbone?

A

Zygomatic bone

37
Q

Which part of the vertebra supports the majority of the body’s weight?

A

Vertebral body

38
Q

What type of vertebra has transverse foramina?

A

Cervical

39
Q

Which bones form the nasal septum?

A

Ethmoid and vomer

40
Q

Which structure connects the ribs to the sternum?

A

Costal cartilage

41
Q

Which part of the scapula articulates with the humerus?

A

Glenoid cavity

42
Q

What is the anatomical name for the collarbone?

A

Clavicle

43
Q

What bone is the only one in the body that does not articulate directly with another bone?

A

Hyoid

44
Q

What is the acetabulum, and where is it found?

A

A socket for the femur; in the pelvis

45
Q

Which bones make up the forearm?

A

Radius and ulna

46
Q

The proximal end of the femur articulates with which structure?

A

Acetabulum

47
Q

Which tarsal bone forms the heel?

A

Calcaneus

48
Q

What is the function of the medial and lateral malleoli?

A

Stabilize the ankle joint

49
Q

Which bones form the palm of the hand?

A

Metacarpals

50
Q

What structure does the olecranon process form?

A

The elbow

51
Q

What type of bone is the sternum classified as?

A

Flat bone

52
Q

What type of bone tissue is found in the epiphysis of long bones?

A

Spongy bone

53
Q

Which part of a long bone contains the marrow cavity?

A

Diaphysis

54
Q

Which bone features are primarily responsible for muscle attachment?

A

Processes and tuberosities

55
Q

Which structure in the skeletal system protects the heart and lungs?

A

Rib cage

anatomy & physiology (7 decks)

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