integumentary system

Question 1

The skin consists of two layers what are they ?

Answer 1

the epidermis and dermis

Question 2

which among the two ( epidermis / dermis ) are vascularized

Answer 2

dermis

Question 3

which tissue lies deep to the skin and consist of mostly adipose tissue with some areolar tissue

Answer 3

subcutaneous tissue / hypodermis

Question 4

what are the Cells of the Epidermis?

Answer 4

keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, and tactile epithelial cells.

Question 5

Keratinocytes arise in the deepest part of the epidermis from a cell layer called the

Answer 5

stratum basale.

Question 6

the spider-shaped epithelial cells that synthesize the pigment melanin

Answer 6

melanocytes

Question 7

what results in the basal keratinocytes contain more melanin than do the melanocytes themselves. ?

Answer 7

Melanin is made in membrane-bound granules called melanosomes and then transferred through the cell processes to nearby keratinocytes.

Question 8

The star-shaped cells arise from bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis. Also called Langerhans cells , they ingest foreign substances and are key activators of our immune system,

Answer 8

dendritic cells

Question 9

In thick skin, name the layers From deep to superficial, and which layer is absent in the thin layer ?

Answer 9

stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. stratum lucidum Is absent

Question 10

the deepest epidermal layer, is also called the stratum germinativum

Answer 10

stratum basale

Question 11

the layer where the process of keritanization begins is called ?

Answer 11

stratum granulosum

Question 12

An abrupt transition occurs between the nucleated cells of the stratum granulosum and the flattened, anucleate cells of which layer

Answer 12

the stratum corneum

Question 13

In which layer are keratinocytes of the epidermis generated?

Answer 13

stratum basale

Question 14

two types of dermis

Answer 14

papillary and reticular dermis

Question 15

A 32-year-old patient has a burn covering their entire anterior torso and upper limbs. What percentage of their body is affected according to the Rule of Nines?

Answer 15

45%

Question 16

A patient presents with yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera. Which organ system dysfunction is most likely causing this condition?

Answer 16

Digestive

Question 17

A patient has a lesion on their scalp that has irregular borders, is multicolored, and is growing. Which condition is most likely?

Answer 17

Melanoma

Question 18

A factory worker sustains a deep laceration. Which skin layer must be damaged to expose blood vessels?

Answer 18

Dermis

Question 19

A newborn is covered with a cheesy, white substance known as vernix caseosa. What is its primary function?

Answer 19

Infection prevention

Question 20

A runner sweats profusely during a marathon. Which gland type is primarily responsible for this response?

Answer 20

Eccrine

Question 21

A 55-year-old patient develops brittle, thinning hair. What integumentary structure is most likely degenerating?

Answer 21

. Hair matrix

Question 22

A swimmer notices their skin becoming waterlogged after long sessions in the pool. Which epidermal layer is most responsible for this?

Answer 22

Stratum corneum

Question 23

A man gets a tattoo on his forearm. Which skin layer must the ink penetrate for the tattoo to be permanent?

Answer 23

Dermis

Question 24

22-year-old suffers from acne primarily due to overactive sebaceous glands. What type of secretion do these glands produce?

Answer 24

Holocrine

Question 25

Which type of connective tissue primarily makes up the dermis?

Answer 25

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 26

What is the function of the papillary layer of the dermis?

Answer 26

Forms a wavy interface with the epidermis to enhance grip

Question 27

What structure is responsible for detecting deep pressure in the skin?

Answer 27

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 28

Which layer of skin contains keratinized dead cells that are constantly shed?

Answer 28

Stratum corneum

Question 29

What is the primary role of keratin in the integumentary system?

Answer 29

Strengthen and waterproof the skin

Question 30

Which vitamin is synthesized by the skin upon exposure to UV light?

Answer 30

Vitamin D

Question 31

What type of sweat gland is most active during emotional stress?

Answer 31

Apocrine glands

Question 32

Which protein helps to maintain the tensile strength of the dermis?

Answer 32

. Collagen

Question 33

Which part of the hair contains actively dividing cells?

Answer 33

Hair matrix

Question 34

What is the function of the cuticle in hair and nails?

Answer 34

Protection of the hair shaft or nail plate

Question 35

The arrector pili muscle is made of which type of tissue?

Answer 35

Smooth muscle

Question 36

What type of receptor detects pain and temperature changes?

Answer 36

Nociceptors

Question 37

Merkel cells are most concentrated in which part of the body?

Answer 37

Palms of the hands and soles of the feet

Question 38

Which receptor is slow-adapting and responds to stretching of the skin?

Answer 38

Ruffini endings

Question 39

Which receptor is responsible for detecting vibration and deep pressure?

Answer 39

Pacinian corpuscles

Question 40

Which process allows the body to cool itself during high temperatures?

Answer 40

Vasodilation and sweat evaporation

Question 41

What structural protein in the skin prevents water loss?

Answer 41

Keratin

Question 42

What is the primary pigment responsible for skin color?

Answer 42

Melanin

Question 43

How does the skin protect against UV radiation?

Answer 43

Melanin absorption of UV rays

Question 44

Which cells in the epidermis play an immune role by presenting antigens to lymphocytes?

Answer 44

Langerhans cells