bones and skeletal tissues

Question 1

A 65-year-old postmenopausal woman suffers a hip fracture after a minor fall. Bone density scans reveal significant bone loss. What condition does she most likely have?

Answer 1

Osteoporosis

Question 2

A child presents with bowing of the legs and delayed growth. X-rays show poorly mineralized bones. What is the most likely cause?

Answer 2

Vitamin D deficiency

Question 3

A patient with Paget’s disease has elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase in their blood. What does this indicate about their bone activity?

Answer 3

Increased bone remodeling

Question 4

A runner complains of shin pain. Imaging reveals small fractures along the tibia with no trauma history. What type of fracture is most likely?

Answer 4

Stress fracture

Question 5

A young male develops a benign tumor in his femur’s epiphyseal cartilage plate. What type of growth is affected?

Answer 5

Interstitial growth

Question 6

A patient sustains a fractured femur and develops a hematoma at the injury site. What is the first step in the bone healing process?

Answer 6

Hematoma formation

Question 7

A child is diagnosed with achondroplasia. What aspect of their bone development is defective?

Answer 7

Endochondral ossification

Question 8

: A construction worker falls and breaks his humerus into multiple fragments. What type of fracture does he have?

Answer 8

Comminuted fracture

Question 9

A patient has abnormal bone deposition in response to excessive strain on their joints. What condition does this describe?

Answer 9

Osteoarthritis

Question 10

A middle-aged patient presents with soft, poorly mineralized bones and muscle weakness. Bloodwork reveals low calcium and vitamin D levels. What is the diagnosis?

Answer 10

Osteomalacia

Question 11

A child falls and suffers a partial fracture where one side of the bone bends while the other breaks. What type of fracture is this?

Answer 11

Greenstick fracture

Question 12

An elderly man experiences chronic pain and deformity in his long bones due to excessive and disorganized bone remodeling. What is this condition?

Answer 12

Paget’s disease

Question 13

A patient develops a bone infection following a compound fracture. What is the medical term for this condition?

Answer 13

Osteomyelitis

Question 14

A young gymnast develops a spinal compression fracture due to repetitive loading. What part of the bone absorbs the most force?

Answer 14

Spongy bone

Question 15

A patient is found to have excessive osteoclast activity and thinning bones due to hypersecretion of a hormone. Which hormone is responsible?

Answer 15

. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 16

Which type of cartilage is most abundant in the skeletal system?

Answer 16

Hyaline cartilage

Question 17

Which bone type is formed via intramembranous ossification?

Answer 17

Flat bones

Question 18

What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

Answer 18

Bone resorption

Question 19

Which structure allows communication between osteocytes?

Answer 19

Canaliculi

Question 20

What hormone increases calcium absorption in the intestines?

Answer 20

Parathyroid hormone

Question 21

Which structural unit of compact bone is known as the Haversian system?

Answer 21

Osteon

Question 22

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Answer 22

Hematopoiesis

Question 23

What part of a long bone contains hyaline cartilage in a growing child?

Answer 23

Epiphyseal plate

Question 24

Where is fibrocartilage typically found in the skeletal system?

Answer 24

Intervertebral discs

Question 25

What process occurs when osteoblasts secrete bone matrix and mature into osteocytes?

Answer 25

Ossification

Question 26

Which hormone inhibits osteoclast activity to lower blood calcium levels?

Answer 26

Calcitonin

Question 27

What is the outer fibrous layer of a bone called?

Answer 27

Periosteum

Question 28

Which region of a long bone is primarily responsible for lengthwise growth?

Answer 28

Epiphyseal plate

Question 29

Which type of fracture results in a bone being broken into multiple pieces?

Answer 29

Comminuted

Question 30

What type of joint is found in the epiphyseal plate before it fuses?

Answer 30

Synchondrosis

Question 31

What is the structural difference between spongy bone and compact bone?

Answer 31

Compact bone is organized into osteons; spongy bone has trabeculae

Question 32

Which cells are responsible for bone deposition?

Answer 32

Osteoblasts

Question 33

What type of cartilage covers the ends of long bones in synovial joints?

Answer 33

Hyaline cartilage

Question 34

Which condition is characterized by soft bones due to vitamin D deficiency in adults?

Answer 34

Osteomalacia

Question 35

What is the functional unit of spongy bone?

Answer 35

Trabeculae

Question 36

What is the primary role of the skeletal system in calcium homeostasis?

Answer 36

Regulating blood calcium levels via bone remodeling

Question 37

Which structure allows blood vessels and nerves to enter and exit the bone?

Answer 37

Foramen

Question 38

What is the primary component of the inorganic bone matrix?

Answer 38

Hydroxyapatite

Question 39

What feature distinguishes long bones from short bones?

Answer 39

. A shaft and two ends

Question 40

Which hormone is most responsible for closing the epiphyseal plates after puberty?

Answer 40

Estrogen