AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

The ANS is also called

Answer 1

involuntary nervous system,

Question 2

ANS two branches

Answer 2

parasympathetic and the sympathetic

Question 3

The cell body of the first neuron, that resides in the brain stem or spinal cord.

Answer 3

preganglionic neuron,

Question 4

All somatic motor neurons release what at their synapses with skeletal muscle fibers. The effect is always excitatory.

Answer 4

acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 5

Autonomic postganglionic fibers release two neurotransmitters: what are these

Answer 5

norepinephrine (NE) secreted by most sympathetic fibers, and ACh secreted by parasympathetic fibers.

Question 6

which division promotes maintenance functions and conserves body energy,

Answer 6

parasympathetic division

Question 7

the sympathetic division mobilizes the body during activity.

Answer 7

sympathetic division

Question 8

which division sometimes called the “rest and digest” system, keeps body energy use as low as possible, even as it directs vital “housekeeping” activities like digesting food and eliminating feces and urine.

Answer 8

parasympathetic division

Question 9

The activity of which division (often called the “fight-or-flight” system) is evident when we are excited or find ourselves in emergency or threatening situations, such as being confronted and robbed late at night.

Answer 9

sympathetic division

Question 10

The parasympathetic division is also called the

Answer 10

craniosacral division

Question 11

The parasympathetics in the glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) originate in the inferior salivatory nuclei of the medulla and synapse in the

Answer 11

otic ganglia

Question 12

It arises from neurons located in the lateral gray matter of spinal cord segments S2-S4

Answer 12

sacral part of the parasympathetic division serves

Question 13

All preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division arise from cell bodies of preganglionic neurons

Answer 13

in spinal cord segments T1 through L2

Question 14

the sympathetic division is also referred to as

Answer 14

the thoracolumbar division

Question 15

the white Rami , which carry preganglionic axons to the sympathetic trunks, are found only in the

Answer 15

T1-L2 cord segments, regions of sympathetic outflow

Question 16

contribute to a number of interweaving nerve plexuses known collectively as the abdominal aortic plexus,

Answer 16

The splanchnic nerves

Question 17

Sympathetic preganglionic fibers from T5 to L2 innervate the

Answer 17

abdomen

Question 18

which fibers innervating the pelvis originate from T10 to L2 and then descend in the sympathetic trunk to the lumbar and sacral trunk ganglia

Answer 18

preganglionic fibers

Question 19

what send information about chemical changes, stretch, temperature, and irritation of the viscera.

Answer 19

visceral sensory neurons

Question 20

which reflex arcs have essentially the same components as somatic reflex arcs—receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, and effector.

Answer 20

visceral reflex arcs

Question 21

those that release ACh

Answer 21

Cholinergic fibers

Question 22

those that release norepinephrine

Answer 22

Adrenergic fibers

Question 23

The two types of cholinergic (ACh-binding) receptors are named for drugs that bind to them and mimic acetylcholine’s effects

Answer 23

. Nicotinic receptor and Muscarinic receptors

Question 24

name 2 sympathetic function

Answer 24

Thermoregulatory responses to heat.
Release of renin from the kidneys.

Question 25

is the main integration center of the autonomic nervous system.?

Answer 25

hypothalamic controls

Question 26

Raynaud’s disease is characterized by

Answer 26

intermittent attacks causing the skin of the fingers and toes to become pale, then cyanotic (bluish) and painful

Question 27

what is a life-threatening condition involving uncontrolled activation of autonomic neurons.

Answer 27

Autonomic dysreflexia