Skeleton Flashcards
1
mandible
2
cervical vertebrae
3
clavicle
4
ribs
5
humerus
6
radius
7
ulna
8
carpals
9
metacarpals
10
phalanges
11
sternum
12
lumbar vertebrae
13
ilium
14
sacrum
15
coccyx
16
pubis
17
ischium
18
femur
19
patella
20
tibia
21
fibula
22
tarsals
23
metatarsals
24
phalanges
25
clavicle
26
scapula
27
thoracic vertebrae
28
calcaneus
29
frontal
30
parietal
31
maxilla
32
pubic synthesis
33
occipital
34
cervical vertebrae
How many bones are in the body?
206
What connects bone to bone?
ligaments
What are the functions of bones? (5)
- Support
- Muscle Attachment/Movement
- Creates Blood (Red Bone Marrow)
- Store House of Minerals (Yellow Bone Marrow = Fat)
- Protection
What are the 2 types of bones?
Compact Bone and Spongy Bone
What type of bone is this?
- dense and smooth looking
- hard from many minerals
compact bone
What type of bone is this?
- porous; lots of space
- on the ends of
spongy bone
1 (Long Bone)
Epiphysis
2 (Long Bone)
Diaphysis
3 (Long Bone)
Epiphysis
4 (Long Bone)
Spongy Bone
5 (Long Bone)
Medullary Cavity
6 (Long Bone)
Compact Bone
7 (Lone Bone)
Endosteum
8 (Long Bone)
Periosteum
9 (Long Bone)
Articular Cartilage
What is the SKELETAL PART that includes the HEAD and BONES?
Axial
What is the SKELETAL PART that includes the EXTREMETIES?
Appendages
Appendicular
Examples of LONG BONES
Femur
Timia
Humerus
Examples of SHORT BONES
SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Carpals
Tarsals
Examples of FLAT BONES
Pelvis
Cranial
Ribs
Examples of IRREGULAR BONES
Vertebrae
When the ligament attaches to the bone
Put onto
Projection
What do projections help form?
Joints
Where do blood cells and nerves pass through bone?
depressions and openings
Bones start out in the embryo as _________.
Cartilage
Cartilage changes into bone in a process called _________________.
Ossification
Ossification is complete by age ____.
25
The hyaline cartilage is completely COVERED with a bone matrix by ______________. (bone building/forming cells)
bone, _____ from the past
Osteoblasts
The hyaline cartilage is REPLACED by bone formed by osteoblasts moving in from the __________.
Periosteum
The osteocytes lay down a new __________ and then get trapped and turn into ___________.
Matrix, Osteocytes
Mature bone cells (VOCAB)
Osteocytes
The center is DIGESTED away leaving the _________________.
Medullary Cavity
The NON-LIVING part of the bone
Matrix
Mature bone cells
Osteocytes
Osteocytes are found in cavities called
Lacunae
Lacunae are arranged in circles called
Lamellae
Run lengthwise & supply blood vessels & nerves to all areas of the bone
Haversian Canals
Radiate out from the HAVERSIAN CANALS to all LACUNAE.
(transport nutrient supply to the osteocytes within the hard bone matrix)
Canaliculi
What type of ribs attach to the STERNUM by cartilage?
True
What type of ribs attach to EACH OTHER or NOTHING?
False
What is a floating rib?
A type of false rib, attaches to nothing in the ANTERIOR (back) of the body?
What is the purpose of the spine?
To support the skull and disperse weight to the lower limbs
What is between vertebrae? (2)
fibrocartilage and intervertebral disks
What is the purpose of intervertebral disks?
To cushion and absorb shock
What are the PRIMARY curves that are present when born? (2)
Thoracic and Sacral
What curve is acquired when we learn to hold our heads up?
Cervical
What curve is acquired when we learn to stand?
Lumbar
1 (Vertebrae)
Spinous Process
2 (Vertebrae)
Lamina
3 (Vertebra)
Pedicle
4 (Vertebrae)
Transverse Process
5 (Vertebrae)
Vertebral Foramen
6 (Vertebrae)
Centrum (Body)
What are the types of vertebrae? (5)
- Cervical
- Thoracic
- Lumbar
- Sacral
- Coccal
How many CERVICAL vertebrae are there?
7
What are the first two cervical vertebrae?
The atlas and axis
How many THORACIC vertebrae are there?
12
What type of vertebrae has a long spinous process and a round vertebral foramen?
Thoracic
How many LUMBAR vertebrae are there?
5
How many SACRAL vertebrae are there?
1
How many COCCAL vertebrae are there?
1
A place where two bones articulate
joint
What are the general types of joints? (3)
- Synovial
- Cartilaginous
- Fibrous
Give an example of a SYNOVIAL (freely moveable) joint
elbow, shoulder
Give an example of a CARTILAGINOUS (slightly movable) joint
vertebrae
Give an example of a FIBROUS (immovable) joint
crainial
Name a ball and socket joint
hip, shoulder
Name a hinge joint
elbow, knee
Name a pivot joint
atlas/axis, radioulnar
Name a gliding joint
ankle
Name an ellipsoid joint
wrist
Name a saddle joint
thumb
Infants’ heads are _______ of their body length.
1/4
Adults’ heads are ______ their body length.
1/8
Allows for compression from birth and brain count. Means little fountain.
Fontanel
When does the fontanel fully ossify?
By age 2
What happens to female bodies when they hit puberty?
Their pelvis broadens
What happens to male bodies when they hit puberty?
The entire skeleton becomes more robust
What happens to bones as people age and become less physically active?
They become thin and fragile
