Digestive System Flashcards
What is the function of the digestive system?
Break down food in to small enough particles to ve absorbed into the blood stream, and remove the rest as waste
The sum of all the chemical reactions in the body
Metabolism
Breakdown of food sources and old cells and tissues
Catabolism
Building up of body cells and tissue
Anabolism
What is the function of the ALIMENTARY CANAL?
Break down food and absorb nutrients
What is the function of the ACCESSORY ORGANS?
To assist the process of digestion
What is another name for the alimentary canal?
GI Tract
Protects the opening of the mouth
Lips
Forms the lateral walls of the mouth
Bucca (cheeks)
Forms the anterior roof of the mouth
Hard palate
Forms the posterior roof of the mouth
Soft palate
Finger-like projection of the soft palate
Uvula
The space between the teeth and the lips
Vestibule
The space contained by the teeth
Oral cavity
The muscle occupying the floor of the mouth
Tongue
Mucous membrane fold that holds the tongue in place
Lingual frenulum
The tonsils that you see ( the back of the palate )
Palatine tonsils
Tonsils at the base of the tongue
Lingual tonsils
Peg-like projections that hold the taste buds
Lingual papillae
The word for chewing
Mastication
What is the pharynx a common passageway for? (3)
Food
Liquid
Air
The pharynx that is part of the respiratory pathway
Nasopharynx
The pharynx that is at the back of the mouth
Oropharynx
The pharynx that is continuous with the esophagus
Laryngopharynx
What are rhythmic contractions that help along food? It requires muscles to run longitudinal and circular.
Peristalsis
What runs from the pharynx, through the diaphragm, to the stomach?
Esophagus
On average, how long is the esophagus?
10 inches
What are the layers of the esophagus? (4)
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis Externa
- Serosa
The innermost layer of the esophagus, moist membrane that lines the cavity
Mucosa
Beneath the mucosa in the esophagus. A layer of connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerve endings and lymphatic vessels
Submucosa
Muscle layers in the esophagus, both longitudinal and circular
Muscularis Externa
The outermost layer of the esophagus.
Serosa
Serous fluid-producing cells in the serosa (outermost layer) of the esophagus.
Visceral Peritoneum
A network of fibers that regulate the mobility of the GI tract organs
Nerve Pletus
What organ is this?
- C shaped
- Left side of the abdominal cavity
- 6-10 inches in length
- Diameter depends on the amount of food in the stomach at a given time
- divided into 4 major regions
Stomach
What are the four regions of the stomach?
Cardial
Fundus
Body
Pylorus
Contains the cardio-esophageal sphincter which is the muscle through which food enters the stomach
Cardial
Area to the lateral of the sphincter
Fundus
Midportion of the stomach
Body
The terminal portion of the stomach. Contains the pyloric sphincter/valve
Pylorus
The folds of the mucosa (stomach) when empty
rugae
The convex lateral surface of the stomach
Greater curvature
The concave, medial surface of the stomach
Lesser curvature
Double layer of the peritoneum (liver to lesser curvature)
Lesser omentum
Extension of peritoneum that drapes down and covers the abdominal organs. Riddled with fat to help insulate, cushion and protect internal organs.
Greater omentum
What is the greater omentum also riddled with?
Peyer’s patches/lymphnodes
What does the stomach serve as?
A storage site and a place for foot
What does the stomach do?
Churn, mix and pummel food particles
Gastric _______, gastric __________, gastric ________.
pits, glands, juice
Where does most of the digestive activity occur?
In the pylorus region
What is mostly broken down for ATP?
Carbohydrates
What are mainly broken down for use in myelin sheaths, cell membranes and for insulation, however, they can be used for ATP when the body is low on carbohydrates
Lipids
What is conserved/hoarded by the body?
Proteins
What is food called when it enters the stomach?
Bolus
What is food called when it leaves the stomach?
Chyme
