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Anatomy > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles are in the body?

A

600

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2
Q

What percent of your body weight do muscles take up?

A

40% (50% if you count smooth muscle)

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3
Q

What does the word “mus” mean?

A

Little mouse

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4
Q

How much could you lift if you used all of your potential power at once?

A

25 tons

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5
Q

What is the only thing muscles can do?

A

Contract

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6
Q

What are the functions of muscles? (4)

A
  • Create movement
  • Maintain posture
  • Stabilize joints
  • Generate heat
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7
Q

Where is fascia located?

A

Between muscles and skin

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8
Q

What are the external structures of muscles? (3)

A
  • Origin
  • Belly
  • Insertion
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9
Q

What is the order when labeling a muscle? (5)

A

Muscles, fascicles, fibers, myofibrils, myofilaments

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10
Q

How many myofilaments are there in muscles?

A

Over 65 million

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11
Q

What is the dark area on a myofilament? (A-band)

A

Myosin

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12
Q

What is the light area on a myofilament? (I-band)

A

Actin

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13
Q

What surrounds a fiber?

A

Endomysium

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14
Q

What surrounds a fascicle?

A

Perimysium

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15
Q

What is another name for a cell?

A

Sarcolemma

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16
Q

What is between myofibrils?

A

Sarcoplasm

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17
Q

What does Sarco- mean?

A

Flesh

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18
Q

What is a sarcomere?

A

One z-line to the next

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19
Q

What do tendons do for us?

A

Provide durability, conserve space

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20
Q

What are the three types of muscles?

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smoothe

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21
Q

What kind of muscle is this?
- Cigar-shaped cells
- many nuclei per cell
- voluntary
- fast-moving but tires easily
- 40% of bodyweight
- attached to skeletal bones

A

Skeletal muscle

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22
Q

What kind of muscle is this?
- Spiral-shaped cells
- one nucleus per cell
- involuntary
- slow-acting but tireless
- have intercalated disks
- found only in the heart

A

Cardiac muscle

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23
Q

What kind of muscle is this?
- spindle-shaped cells
- one nucleus per cell
- involuntary
- slow acting but tireless
- arranged in sheets or layers
- found in internal organs that are usually hollow

A

Smooth muscle

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24
Q

What is an example of a muscle named by the # of heads?

A

biceps, triceps

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25
Q

What is an example of a muscle named by its location?

A

pectoralis, gluteus

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26
Q

What is an example of a muscle named by its shape?

A

deltoid, trapezius

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27
Q

What is an example of a muscle named by its size?

A

maximus, medius

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28
Q

What is an example of a muscle named by its depth?

A

internal, external

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29
Q

What is an example of a muscle named by its origin and insertion?

A

sternocleidomastoid

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30
Q

What is an example of a muscle named by its direction?

A

rectus, oblique

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31
Q

What is an example of a muscle named by its function?

A

flexors, extensors

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32
Q

The ability to receive and respond to stimuli

A

Excitability

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33
Q

The ability to shorten when adequately stimulated

A

Contractility

34
Q

The ability of a muscle to be stretched

A

Extensibility

35
Q

The ability to recoil and resume resting length

A

Elasticity

36
Q

One neuron and all of the skeletal muscles it stimulates

A

Motor unit

37
Q

Where the neuron’s axon terminal inserts into the muscle

A

Neuromuscular junction

38
Q

contractions take a few thousandths of a ___________

A

second

39
Q

The muscle is unable to contract, though still being stimulated

A

Muscle Fatigue

40
Q

Myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements and the muscle shortens

A

Isotonic contractions

41
Q

Muscles do not shorten much, myofilaments “spinning their wheels”

A

Isometric contractions

42
Q

Continuous partial contractions, muscle remains firm, healthy, and ready for actions

A

Muscle tone

43
Q

What type of exercise is this?
- stronger, more flexible muscles with greater resistance to fatigue
- blood supply to muscle increases
- muscles form more mitochondria to hold oxygen
- overall body metabolism is more efficient

A

Aerobic Exercise

44
Q

What type of exercise is this?
- increases muscle size
- more contractile fivers and connective tissues which reinforce development

A

Anaerobic Exercise

45
Q

What is the quickening?

A

The first movements of the fetus that the mother feels 16 weeks

46
Q

After birth, the first movements are __________ reflex types

A

Gross

47
Q

Development goes from superior to:

A

Inferior

48
Q

Development goes from gross movements to:

A

Fine movements

49
Q

Development goes from proximal to:

A

Distal

50
Q

As you get older, what happens to the amount of connective tissue?

A

It increases

51
Q

As you get older, what happens to the amount of MUSCLE tissue?

A

It decreases

52
Q

Muscles can only pull, therefore they work in __________

A

Pairs

53
Q

Muscle with major responsibility in a group (agonist)

A

Primary mover

54
Q

Muscles that oppose/reverse a movement

A

antagonist

55
Q

Help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements.

A

Synergists

56
Q

Specialized synergists. they hole a. bone still or stabilize the origin or a prime mover so all the tension can be used to move the insertion bone.

A

Fixators

57
Q

Decrease the angle of joint. Hinge/bend

A

Flexion

58
Q

Increase the angle of joint. Straightening knee, elbow, etc.

A

Extension

59
Q

Away from the midline. Spread fingers and toes.

A

Abduction

60
Q

Limb toward the midline. Closing fingers and toes.

A

Adduction

61
Q

Moving a bone around its longitudinal axis

A

Rotation

62
Q

Radius across ulna

A

Pronation

63
Q

Radius parallel to ulna

A

Supination

64
Q

Sole of foot faces medially

A

Inversion

65
Q

Sole of foot faces laterally

A

Eversion

66
Q

Foot up to shin (flex foot)

A

Dorsiflexion

67
Q

Foot points down (point foot)

A

Plantar flexion

68
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Withering away (polio, muscular dystrophy, etc.)

A

Atrophy

69
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Partial paralysis of the facial muscles and loss of some taste on affected side. May happen overnight with no warning. Thought to be the result of a facial inflammation bothering the nerves. May correct itself with out any medication.

A

Bell’s Palsy

70
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Spasm in a muscle. Night leg cramps (calcium)

A

Cramps

71
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Steroid is a derivative of testosterone

A

Muscle Building

72
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Genetic disease, tiny tears won’t heal

A

Muscular Dystrophy

73
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Why we keep breathing hard after we stop exercising

A

Oxygen Debt

74
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Overstretched muscle so fivers tear. Muscle contracts and becomes swollen due to internal bleeding

A

Strained Muscle

75
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Overstretched muscle so fivers tear. Muscle contracts and becomes swollen due to internal bleeding, but worse than strained muscle, takes longer to heal

A

Torn Muscle

76
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Actin and myosin don’t let go when slide together at bonding site so the muscle stays contracted. Lasts about 24 hours, then decay softens

A

Rigor Mortis

77
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Either a stress fracture on distal part of tibia or tendonitis due to overuse.

A

Shin Splints

78
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Lactic acid builds up so causes pain. Slowly gets to liver and is broken down into sugar

A

Stiffness

79
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Inflamed, swollen muscle due to overuse.

A

Tendonitis

80
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Sustained contractions of the muscle in the head and neck

A

Tension Headache

81
Q

GENETIC DISORDER: Continuous stimulation of a muscle *bacteria in soil or a rusty nail

A

Tetanus

Anatomy (7 decks)

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