Skeletal Variation

Question 1

Cervical ribs reported to occur in up to 2% of the population, are more common in females
Commonly a 7th C rib

Answer 1

Viertel et al., (2012)

Question 2

Lumbar ribs may occur in up to 5.8% of the population and are strongly associated with lumbarisation

Answer 2

Nakajima et al., (2014)

Question 3

Unilateral hyperplasia of the lamina and schisis of the C6 spinous process, also failed to fuse the post synchondrosis
Was removed as although asymptomatic concerns over nipping of dural sac

Answer 3

Kazanci et al., (2012)

Question 4

Radial and ulnar deficiencies as spectrums of osseous and neuromuscular dysplasias of the upper limb and can be associated with other severe limb malformations

Answer 4

Al-Qattan et al., (2010)

Question 5

Fate of the costak processes embryologically depends on their spinal level

Answer 5

Chernoff and Rogers, (2010)

Question 6

Children with malignancy had significantly more rib anomalies than children without malignancy
High incidence of cervical ribs was found in neuroblastoma, leukaemia and bone tumour

Answer 6

Schumacher et al., (1992)

Question 7

Extra occipital condyles may cause cranio-cervical instability

Answer 7

Tubbs et al., (2005)