Muscle Variation

Question 1

Study investigating vastus medialis as 2 separate muscles

Concluded more study required but could be clinically significant regarding patellar instability

Answer 1

Smith et al., (2009)

Question 2

72yo F with complete absence of pec major on R and absence of the sternal head pec major on L side
Lateral pectoral nerves both absent but medial pectoral nerves present
Arrested muscle development due to failure of development of nerve

Answer 2

Mosconi and Kamath, (2003)

Question 3

Plantaris may affect knee joint dynamics or aid functioning of gastrocnemius

Answer 3

Freeman et al., (2008)

Question 4

3 variations of muscles which can take up space in the axilla
Affect axillary lymph clearance

Answer 4

Natsis et al., (2009)

Question 5

In-out mechanism

Answer 5

Evans et al., (2006)

Question 6

Anterior interosseous nerve can vary in its position regarding an accessory head of flexor pollicis longus
May become entrapped and cause neuralgic amyotrophic neuritis

Answer 6

Mani et al., (2010)

Question 7

61yo m cadaver with large Lsided axillary arch measuring 9.5cm in length
Traced back clinical history and discovered patient complained of numbness and tingling in L arm for most of life but no issues with R arm

Answer 7

Telisky and Olinger, (2011)

Question 8

Those with an axillary arch had no significant difference in blood flow when compared to those without although diameter and velocity were less
Assessed with doppler
Concluded presence of an axillary arch did not impinge on blood flow

Answer 8

Provyn et al., (2011)