skeletal unit Flashcards
What does the skeletal system consist of?
bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints and teeth but teeth are not considered bones
what is cartilage?
is strong, flexible and semi rigid supporting system it can withstand press forces, and yet it can bend
Where is Cartilage found?
at the end of bones by the growth plate
What are tendons?
tough, white, cord like tissue that attaches muscle to bone 
What are ligaments?
fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone
What are joints?
Area where agent bones, meet, or articulate
What are the two distinctive parts of the skeletal system?
appendicular, skeletal and axial skeletal 
what is an appendicular skeleton?
portion of a skeletal consisting of the pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle in the bones of the arms and legs
what’s the axial skeleton?
portion of the skeleton consisting of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage 
what are the two types of skeletons?
Exoskeleton and endoskeleton
What’s an endoskeleton?
vertebrates endoskeleton allow for free movement and grow along with an organism 
What’s an exoskeleton?
invertebrates in animals that have an external skeleton such as the crab, the skeleton is called an exoskeleton restrict the movement of an orgasm and must be shed periodically in order for the organism to grow 
What are the three main functions of the skeletal system?
mechanical, protective, and metabolic 
What does mechanical do for us?
support which it provides a framework for the attachment of muscles and other tissues and movement bones, enable body movements by acting as levers and points of attachment for muscles
What are the things in metabolic?
Mineral storage, blood cell production, and energy reserve
What type of materials do the bone produce?
Calcium and phosphorus
Where does blood cell production take place?
Red marrow
What serves as energy reserve
lipids, fat stored in adipose cells of the yellow marrow serve as energy reserves
what are the type of bone formations? 
intramembranous bone formation and endochondral bone formation 
where does the intramembraous bone formation take place?
Skull bones
what happens in endochondral bone formation?
The body creates a template in cartilage is replaced by bone like in the epithelial plates or growth plate sites where the creation of new bone allows the long bones to lengthen as the animal grows 
What are osteoblasts?
Cells that form bones
What are osteoclasts
opposite of osteoplast instead of foreign bone, they remove bones from where it’s not needed so they are remodeled constantly 
What are the parts of the long bone?
cartilage, epithelial plate, is bone, endostem, compact bone, medullary cavity, artery and veins, yellow marrow, periosteum, proximal and distal epiphysis and diaphysis
what is cartilage in a long bone
A dense opaque connective tissue that absorbs shock reduces friction and protects the epithelial end of bones 
what is an epiphyseal plate? 
growth plate of a long bone areas where long bone increases in length when animal reaches full length, the growth plates, completely ossify and bones, cease growth 
what is spongy bone?
mesh work of spongy tissue of mature, adult bone typically found at the core of vertebral bones in the spine and the ends of the long vines and it contains red bone marrow 
what’s an endosteum
The fibrous memory, that lines the hollow interiors of bones 
What’s a compact bone?
heavily dense bone made up of tiny tightly, compact senators of bones that make up the shafts of the long bones and the outer surfaces of all bones 
What’s the medullary cavity?
A cavity that contains bone marrow in the diaphysis of a long bone 
What’s an artery?
Vessels that carry oxidated blood and nourish from the heart to tissues of the body
What are veins?
vessels that carry oxygen depleted blood to the heart
what’s yellow marrow? 
found in hollow interior of the diaphyseal portion or shaft of long bones it’s main function is to store adipocyted (fat cells)-that serve as a source of energy 
what’s periosteum
dense fibrous membrane covering the surfaces of bones. The outer layer is composed mostly of collagen and contains nerve fibers that cause pain when the tissue is damaged. 
What are the types of bones?
Long short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid 
how many types of bones are there?
5
what are the types of synovial joints
Hinge, pivot saddle, and ball and socket
What’s hinge? and an example
The hen droid is like a door opening, closing in One Direction along one plate. Examples include your elbow joint in your knee joint. 
What’s pivot and example?
also called the rotatory joint it is characterized by one bone that can swivel in a ring formed from a second bone examples are joint between your all and radius bones that rotate your forearm and the joint between the first and second vertebrae in your neck 
what’s saddle and an example?
although the saddle joint does not allow rotation, it does help enable movement back-and-forth side to side an example is a joint at the base of your thumb 
What’s ball and socket and an example?
permitting movement in all directions, the ball and socket joint features the rounded end of one bone sitting in a cup of the other bone examples include your shoulder joint in your hip joint 
what’s tuberosity
large, rounded projection may be rounded
what’s crest
Narrow ridge of bones, usually prominent
what’s trochanter
very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process
what’s line
narrow ridge of bone less prominent then the crest
tubercle
small rounded projection or process
