behavior Flashcards
ethology-
study of behavior
behavior-
anything an animal does in response to a stimulus in its environment
3 categories of behavior
external information/environmental cues
internal information
combination of two
example of external information
change in temp
onset of short/cold weather
threats from other animals, sounds, smells
examples of internal information
hunger, hormones
example of combination of two
mating behavior
adaptive behavior-
contributes directly or indirectly to an individuals survival
innate behavior-
inherited behavior- behavior determined by the hard wiring of the nervous system
individuals inherit a suite of behaviors called what
an ethogram
innate behaviors are-
- heritable- encoded in DNA and passed from generation to generation
- intrinsic- present in animas raised in isolation from others
- stereotypic- preformed in the same way each time by the individual
- inflexible- not modified by developed or experience
- consummate- fully developed or expressed at first performance
types of innate behavior-
automatic response (reflexes)
instinct
what is an automatic response (reflexes)
simplest form of innate behavior, a simple automatic response that involves no conscious control
examples of automatic response (reflexes)
- blinking
- withdrawal reflex- when you touch a hot object you move quickly and pull your hand away
- startle reflex- jump when you head a noise
what is flight or fight
When an animal is physically threatened an innate, reflex, alarm-system in the brain triggers the release of electrical impulses and a variety of hormones that tells us to either run away (flight) or stand our ground and fight.
what happens to the body in flight or fight
-the body speeds up- heart rate, resp. rate, blood pressure
-tense up
-becomes generally very alert
instinct-
a largely inheritable and unalterable tendency of an organism to make a complex and specific response to environmental stimuli without involving reaosn
what happens for instinct
-complex patterns of innate behavior
-the entire body participates in instinctive behavior and an elaborate series of actions may be involved
-institute began when the animal recognizes a stimulus and continues until all parts of the behavior have been performed
what’s the difference between reflex and instinct
reflex’s are simple and instincts are complex
courtship behavior-
behavior that makes and females carry out before mating
3 things about courtship behavior
a. individuals often recognize kne another by the behavior patterns performs
by. ensures that members of the same species find each other to mate
how do they recognize eachother
through beavoir
examples of courtship
gift giving, dances
territorial behavior-
territory is the physical space that contains breeding area, feeding area, and shelter
pheromones
use to mark territory like wolf urine
aggression- behavior that is used to intimidate another animal
-defend their young, territory, and food
dominance hierarchy-
form of social ranking (different levels of dominant/ submissive levels) within a group
circadian rhythm-
referred to as our biological of internal clock- keep time at about 24 hours
what helps with internal clock
day and night cycle of light
temp
what does internal clock help animals to know what to do
when to sleep eat and when predators might be prowling
biological rythms caused by
temp changes
shorter days
hormones
what’s migration
the instinctual seasonal movement of animals
when do birds migrate south and north
south to get food in winter
north to breed in summer
how do animals navigate there ways
- position of sun and stars
- geographic cues like mountain ranges
- earth’s magnetic field
hibernation-
state in which the body undergoes physiological changes that reduce there need of entry during a period where there isn’t food available
what’s name for light hibernation
torpor
torpor
light hibernation
what happens during hibernation
-temp drops
-oxygen consumption decreases
-bread ring rates decline to a few breaths per min
whats eating vast amounts of food before entering hibernation called
herperphagic
hyperphagic
whats eating vast amounts of food before entering hibernation called
estivation
summer sleep- state of reduced metabolism
what happens in the animals during estivation
animals become still and there breathing slows
what’s the common thing for estivation and hibernation
decrease of energy and fiod
metabolism-
the chemical processes by which a plant of animal uses food water to grow and he
types of instinctive behavior
- courtship behavior
- territorial behavior
- aggression
- circadian rhythm
biological rythms
types of biological rythms
- migration
- hibernation
- estivation
