learned behavior Flashcards
what’s learned behavior
a change in behavior that occurs through practice or as a result of experience
how can learning help an animal survive
it permits behavior to change in response to varied conditions (changing environment)
what are the 5 characteristics you will see with learned behavior?
nonheritable, extrinsic, permutable, adaptable, and progressive
nonheritable-
acquired only through observation or experience
extrinsic-
absent in animals raised in isolation from others
permutable-
pattern or sequence may change over time
adaptable-
capable of modification to suit changing conditions
progressive-
subject to improvement or refinement through practice
habituation-
simplest form of learning. animal is repeatedly given a stimulus that is not associated with any punishment or reward
what stimuli are ignored with habituation
unimportant
irrelevant
repetitive
what happens when you repeat a stimulus over and over?
it will lead to a decrease in the response eventually to no response at all
examples of habituation
police horses, canine companion for independence
what is imprinting
form of learning in which an animal at a specific critical time if it’s life forms a social attachment to another object
example of imprinting
geese/ducks imprint on their mother by following her, display courtship behavior
male mice imprint on the ofer of there littermates to avoid mating with close relatives
imprinting where time of exposure is critical-
a few days after hatching, imprinting no longer occurs
trial and error-
a type of learning in which an animal receives a reward for making a particular response
motivation-
an internal need that causes an animal to act. It is necessary for learning to take place. If the animal isn’t motivated, it won’t learn. 
what is a motivation for animals? 
thirst or hunger 
conditioned behaviors-
are types of associative learning where is stimulus becomes associated with a consequence
what are two types of conditioning techniques? 
classical conditioning and operant conditioning
classical conditioning
Learning by association, learn to associate one stimulus with another unrelated stimulus 
What is an example of classical conditioning?
cat opener. The cat comes running and a cheese, wrapper Daisy, and Ivy come running. 
Who first demonstrated conditioning in dogs
ivan pavlov
operate conditioning 
when a condition behavior is gradually modified by its consequences as the animal responds to the stimulus 
what does operant conditioning rely on? 
reinforcement like a reward, and or punishment to modify a condition behavior in this way, the animal is conditioned to associate a type of behavior with the punishment or reward 
neutral operates 
responses from the environment that neither increase or decrease the probability of a behavior being repeated 
reinforcers
responses from the environment that increased the probability of a behavior being repeated it can be either positive or negative 
punishers
responses from the environment that decrease the likelihood of a behavior being repeated punishment, weakens behavior 
positive reinforcement
Strengthen a behavior by providing a consequence and individual find
What’s examples for positive reinforcement?
treats or when a teacher gives you five dollars for doing homework 
negative reinforcement
The removal of an unpleasant reinforcer, can also strengthen behavior.
What’s an example of negative reinforcement
if you don’t complete your homework, you give your teacher the five dollars back so you will complete your homework to avoid paying five dollars strengths behavior to do homework
dog not sitting pull on collar until sits, then release the collar, which is pleasant when you release it 
punishment
opposite of reinforcement, since it is designed to weaken, or eliminate a response rather than increase it 
insight
occurs when one suddenly realizes how to solve a problem rather than being habitual or automatic insight, involves coming up with a new idea that does not result from past experience to solve a problem
Who invented insight learning
wolfgang kohler
what did wolfgang kohler do
he did a study of apes, which he put a bunch of hungry chimpanzees and put fruits high and they had to figure out how to get it and they started scratching, and then they started to put boxes so they could reach the fruit which is insight 
What’s the difference between insight learning, and other learning theories?
Other learning may be related to knowledge, attention, memory, reason, etc. but insight learning does not directly involve using past experience to solve a problem
Communication
Exchange of information that results in a change of behavior
What ways do community animals communicate through?
acoustic communication, chemical, communication, visual communication, and tactile communication 
Acoustic communication
Sounds like alarm calls and mating calls
Chemical communication
smells like pheromones
Visual communication
sight like mating dance and territory aggression 
tactile communication
Touch like primates, important in building and maintaining relationships among social animal
How do communication signals play a role?
through courtship, conflict, resolution, territory, defense, relocate and identified their own young, an alarm calls
language
Use of symbols to represent ideas, which is present primarily in animals with complex nervous systems, memory and insight
