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Anatomy > Skeletal Tissue > Flashcards

Skeletal Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skeletal system

A
  • support
  • protection
  • movement
  • storage
  • hemopoiesis
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2
Q

protects the body core (heart, lungs, brain)

A

protection

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3
Q

muscles attach for movement

A

movement

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4
Q

store calcium & phosphate

A

storage

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5
Q

blood cell production (red bone marrow produces all RBC’s for O2, all platelets ~clotting~, and most WBC’s for defense)

A

hemopoiesis

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6
Q

dense, hard outer layer

under periosteum for strength

A

compact bone

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7
Q

porous w/ open spaces (for red marrow) and trabeculae (needles)

A

spongy bone

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8
Q

longer than short bone

examples: humerus, radius, ulna, femur

A

long bone

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9
Q

cube shaped

examples: carpals, tarsals (wrists/ankles)

A

short bone

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10
Q

examples: ribs, scapula

A

flat bone

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11
Q

odd shapes

examples: pelvis, vertebra

A

irregular bones

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12
Q

examples: knee cap (patella)

A

sesamoid bones

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13
Q

main shaft or “tube” composed of compact/dense bone; hollow cylinder that functions as support

A

diaphysis

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14
Q
  • found on both ends or long bone
  • bulbous area (rounded) is space for muscle attachment
  • made of spongy bone filled w/ red marrow
A

epiphysis

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15
Q
  • fibrous outside layer of long bone (everywhere except where there is articular-cartilage)
  • fibers penetrate bone & hold it
  • fibers interlace w/ muscle fibers to hold on muscle
  • BV from ______ penetrate into bone
A

periosteum

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16
Q

cartilage that covers joint surfaces

functions to cushion bone from jarring

A

articular cartilage

17
Q

space in the middle of the diaphysis

filled w/ yellow marrow

A

medullary cavity

18
Q

in adults, rich in fat, no hematopoiesis

A

yellow marrow

19
Q

connective tissue located at the ends of long bones, flat bones skull, sternum, and ribs (adult)
-hematopoiesis (blood cell formation) occurs here

A

red marrow

20
Q

contains many needlelike bony spicules called trabeculae

A

spongy bone

21
Q

thin epithelial membrane that lines medullary cavity and covers Trabeculae of spongy bone

A

endosteum

22
Q

main supply of nutrients to bone, brings oxygen to living bone tissue

A

nutrient artery

23
Q

layer of cartilage that separates diaphysis from epiphysis, where longitudinal growth occurs during youth, growth stops when all epiphyseal cartilage is transformed into bone

A

epiphysial plate

24
Q

bone remnant of growth plate

A

epiphyseal line

25
Q

bone building cells (store calcium, become osteocytes)

A

osteoblasts

26
Q

bone absorbing cells (break down bone, releasing calcium)

A

osteoclasts

27
Q

mature bone cell

A

osteocyte

28
Q

the “structural unit” is the Osteon or Haversian Canal system

A

compact bone

29
Q

secrete, or “spit out” matrix material and collagen fibers

they spit out so much of these fibers that it is now “trapped” in a prison chamber of it’s own making

A

osteoblasts

30
Q

chamber or space for bone cells

A

lacuna

31
Q
  • concentric circles that osteocytes arrange themselves in, around a central canal
  • “thin plate” in Latin
A

lamellae

32
Q

the central/vertical canals, inside are blood vessels that nourish the bone

A

Haversian canals

33
Q
  • contain slender extensions that connect osteocytes, carrying nutrients and waste (nourishment)
  • tiny canals that radiate out from the central canal to the lacuna of lamellae to lamellae
A

Canaliculi

34
Q

a central (haversian) canal and all concentric layers of lamellae are referred to as the ______, or haversian system

A

osteon

35
Q
  • horizontal canals
  • run into the compact bone/marrow cavity from periosteum
  • at right angle to the central canal
  • complete communication pathway (w/ central canals) btw. bone interior and external surface
A

Volkmann’s canals

36
Q

large, multi-nucleated cells that resorb or “eat” bone matrix

A

osteoclasts

37
Q

How does endochondral ossification occur and where?

A

WHERE: process used in most bones!!!
HOW: cartilage model is laid down and covered by a fibrous periosteum, soon a collar bone appears deposited by the osteoblasts
-cartilage cells enlarge and die bc they are basically starved to death (medullary cavity forms)
-BV’s invade cartilage model (bring osteoblasts and clasts) and work together to carve out medullary cavity
-BV’s care called primary ossification center
-osteoblasts deposit calcium
-secondary ossification centers form at each epiphysis
-until bone growth complete, epiphyseal plate btw. diaphysis and epiphysis

38
Q

How does intramembranous ossification occur and where?

A

WHERE: simpler ossification, found in flat bones of skull
HOW: 1) groups of cells differentiate into osteoblasts and cluster into centers of ossification
2) osteoblasts secrete collagen fibers
3) calcium salts crystalize around fibers (process=calcification)
4) eventually become trabeculae and spongy bone formed
5) outer areas of spongy bone will be reconstructed to compact/dense bone

Anatomy (5 decks)

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