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Anatomy > HAP Skin > Flashcards

HAP Skin Flashcards

1
Q

integumentary =

A

“Skin” (nails+hair+glands)

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2
Q

the skin is the _____ & ______ organ

A

largest and thinnest

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3
Q

list the roles of the skin

A

1) defense
2) waterproof
3) shade from sun
4) regulates body temp
5) sensations (homeostasis)-touch, temp, pain
6) makes Vitamin D

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4
Q

What are the 3 main layers of the skin?

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous

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5
Q

outermost (superficial) layer, avascular (no blood vessels), stratified squamous epithelial tissue (many layers of big, flat, slippery cells)

A

EPIDERMIS

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6
Q

vascular (blood vessels) fibrous tissue

A

DERMIS

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7
Q
  • also called hypodermis
  • carries major blood vessels to nerves and skin above
  • contains adipose tissue w/ lipocytes (fat cells) for padding, insulation, and stored energy
A

SUBCUTANEOUS

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8
Q

List the layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial

A

1) stratum basale
2) spinosum
3) granulosum
4) lucidum
5) corneum

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9
Q

List the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to deepest

A

CLGSM (Come Let’s Get Sun Burned)

1) corneum
2) lucidum
3) granulosum
4) spinosum
5) basale

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10
Q

layer of the epidermis: composed of a single layer of tall or columnar epithelial cells, MITOSIS

A

stratum basale

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11
Q

layer of epidermis: irregularly shaped cells; the spiny appearance due to desmosome; Langerhan’s cells–part of immune defense

A

stratum spinosum

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12
Q

place where the cell cytoplasm is replaced w/ keratin (tough water-proofing), nuclei disintegrates, lots of lysosomes, begins the elevator of death

A

granulosum

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13
Q

(clear layer) composed of dead cells w/ extra material for protection, found in soles of feet and palms of hands ONLY (for extra padding and protection)

A

lucidum

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14
Q

(horny layer)

  • dead cells filled with keratin
  • no nuclei
  • protein connectors are desmosomes: which strengthen (a waterproof protein)
  • function=barrier
A

corneum

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15
Q

Why is “flaking” of the corneum a good idea?

A

gets rid of bacteria and fungus

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16
Q

melanocytes produce the pigment melanin (protein) located in the _______ ________

A

stratum basale

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17
Q

when sunlight strikes skin, the melanocytes release melanin—>travels to the surrounding cells and “sits on the sunny-side” of the nucleus, _________ __

A

protecting it

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18
Q

clusters of melanocytes form ______ and _____

A

freckles and moles

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19
Q

an epidermis (skin) disorder: decreased melanin production (genetic and recessive)

A

albinism

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20
Q

an epidermis (skin) disorder: YELLOWish hue to the skin and whites of the eyes, due to increased bilirubin—> indicates liver issues

A

jaundice

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21
Q

an epidermis (skin) disorder: decrease blood oxygen resulting in BLUE color

A

cyanosis

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22
Q

an epidermis (skin) disorder: pouch usually filled w/ fluid caused by weak or destroyed desmosomes from friction

A

blisters

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23
Q

the ______ is much thicker than the epidermis

A

DERMIS

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24
Q

two layers of the dermis are….

A

papillary-thinner

reticular-thicker

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25
Q
  • deeper than st. basale

- dermal papillae that nourish

A

papillary-thinner

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26
Q

What are these papillae in the dermis nourishing?

A

because of the papillae, ridges form (fingerprints) which function to give us better grip for using tools and walking barefoot

27
Q
  • cells are scattered

- many fibers in between the cells (white collagen and yellow elastic fibers)

A

reticular-thicker

28
Q

pain

A

free nerve endings

29
Q

light touch

A

meissner’s corpuscles

30
Q

cold

A

krause

31
Q

heat

A

ruffini’s corpuscles

32
Q

pressure

A

pacinian corpuscles

33
Q

tug or pull on hair

A

root hair plexus

34
Q

What happens when the arrector pili muscle contracts?

A

(gets shorter) the hair stands on end and pulls the skin up with it, and goosebumps form

35
Q

tough & strong fibers, anchors skin

A

collagen

36
Q

stretch and rebound fibers—>with age, these break down and skin sags (wrinkles form)

A

elastic

37
Q

What happens to our skin as we age and are exposed to more UV light?

A

elastic fibers in the dermis decrease, amount of subcutaneous fat decreases, wrinkles develop

38
Q

sweat=

A

water, salt, urea, ammonia

39
Q

sweat/sudoriferous glands are divided into what 2 categories…

A

eccrine and apocrine

40
Q

describe eccrine sweat glands

A
  • numerous and widely distributed throughout body
  • produce watery secretion (sweat/perspiration)
  • primary function: help maintain constant body temp
  • on fingertips…. help grip
41
Q

describe apocrine sweat glands

A
  • found in the armpits and around genitals
  • secretion is thicker than normal sweat
  • PU/puberty glands
  • has distinctive odor: bc secretion is broken down by skin bacteria
42
Q

describe sebaceous glands

A
  • AKA oil glands
  • associated w/ hair follicles
  • produce sebum which lubricates the hair and skin
  • prevents skin from drying and cracking
43
Q

describe ceruminous glands

A
  • found in the ear
  • produce a brown, waxy secretion called CERUMEN (ear wax)
  • function: protects the skin of the ear canal from dehydration
44
Q

function of hair….

A
  • warmth
  • protection from elements (UV)
  • dispersion of sweat gland products
  • psychosocial factors
45
Q

part you can see above the skin, protects from UV rays and warms

A

hair shaft

46
Q

made of S. basal, small tube which pushes down into the dermis

A

hair follicle

47
Q

actual place hair is made, pushes upward at the root (parenthesis around base)

A

germinal matrix

48
Q

provides blood nourishment to germinal matrix (looks like a hill)

A

hair papilla

49
Q

how KERATIN protects the body

A

waterproof (no fluid loss), tough

50
Q

how MELANIN protected the body

A

protects against UV rays

51
Q

Why does the skin have more blood vessels than it needs?

A

to regulate body temperature (a function of the skin)

52
Q

typical sunburn, mild discomfort, some reddening

A

1st degree burn

53
Q

deep epidermal and upper dermis, PAIN, blisters

damage to sweat glands, hair, & sebaceous glands

A

2nd degree burn

54
Q

destruction of epidermis AND dermis
may involve underlying muscle or bone
NO pain bc of nerve death

A

3rd degree burn

55
Q

2 types of special scars…

A

1-Keloid Scar

2-Adhesions

56
Q

a lumpy car, collagen is over-produced up OVER the surface, resulting in a “bubbly scar”, genetic!!!

A

keloid scar

57
Q
  • an internal scarring in the abdomen
  • genetic!!!
  • post surgery, excess collagen can wind around organs such as ovaries and intestines
  • not common
  • must be cut out
A

adhesions

58
Q

______ migrate to wound site and make NEW collagen to rebuild dermis then regrow new blood vessels and nerves

A

fibroblast

59
Q

type of skin cancer: squamous cell carcinoma

A
  • appearance: red scaly patch
  • nodule
  • slowest growing
  • most curable
60
Q

type of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma

A
  • appearance: bleeding, crusty patch

- refuses to heal ):

61
Q

type of skin cancer: malignant melanoma

A
  • so deadly because…it metastasizes quickly (it spreads)

- starts as Nevus (mole)

62
Q

List the ABC’s of mole awareness

A

A-asymetrical or irregular shaped (moles are symmetrical)
B-border is ragged (mole borders=smooth)
C-color is dark and uneven (more color=even)
D-diameter greater than 6 mm (moles=less than 6mm)

63
Q

the major causative agent of most skin cancers is _________

A

UV rays from the sun

64
Q

Which hypothesis seemed most valid to you and why?

A

-cooling device hypothesis
Because….it always made sense to me that we lost of “coat of fur” because of the adaptation to a hotter environment. A human would be cooler in a hot environment and in the beating sun with less hair on them. However, I didn’t realize that the exposure of the naked skin increases heat gain, risks more damage from the sun’s UV rays, and would lead to dehydration because of the increased sweating.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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