Chapter 3: Cells/Cancer & Tumors

Question 1

makes ATP (ATP synthesis), the powerhouse of the cell

Answer 1

mitochondria

Question 2

“cleaners of the cell”, contains enzymes to digest food and microbes

Answer 2

lysosomes

Question 3

makes proteins, assembles amino acids into proteins

Answer 3

ribosomes

Question 4

transports protein out

Answer 4

rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)

Question 5

makes lipids

Answer 5

smooth ER

Question 6

“flattened sacs”, makes carbs, modifies proteins

Answer 6

golgi complex

Question 7

hair-like extensions of the plasma membrane, fuction=moves substances such as mucus

Answer 7

cilia

Question 8

dictates protein synthesis, the control center

Answer 8

nucleus

Question 9

makes ribosomes

Answer 9

nucleolus

Question 10

disease: genetic, sodium ion and chloride ion channels malformed, doesn’t allow molecules to pass through (can’t cross membr.)

Answer 10

cystic fibrosis

Question 11

disease that results in thick mucus that many clog respiratory and reproductive systems

Answer 11

cystic fibrosis

Question 12

disease that can be inherited–chromosome 19, autosomal, DOMINANT
increase risk of heart disease

Answer 12

hypercholesterolemia

Question 13

receptor malfunction, can be caused by poor diet, results in high blood cholesterol bc cholesterol can’t cross membrane

Answer 13

hypercholesterolemia

Question 14

genetic (central & eastern european jews)

Answer 14

tay sachs

Question 15

lysosome of nerve cells missing enzymes, causes molecules to accumulate in cells in nervous system
-inflammation and cellular destruction

Answer 15

tay sachs

Question 16

symptoms: mental regression, dementia, paralysis (first year of life)

Answer 16

tay sachs

Question 17

diagnosis: cherry red spot on the back of the eyes, abnormal startle reflex

Answer 17

tay sachs

Question 18

prognosis: fatal within 2-3 years

Answer 18

tay sachs

Question 19

cilia moves particles and mucus out of lungs, smoking causes cilia in the respiratory tract to become paralyzed

Answer 19

COPD

Question 20

cilia can’t keep lungs clean, second hand smoke can contribute, can lead to other smoking related problems

Answer 20

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

Question 21

plasma membrane is a “fluid _____ _____”

Answer 21

fluid mosaic model

Question 22

a flexible boundary of the cell that controls what enters and exists the cell

Answer 22

plasma membrane/cell membrane

Question 23

spot welds, hold together adjacent cells, found in skin

Answer 23

desmosomes

Question 24

channels of adjacent plasma membranes, cause tunnels to form that join cytoplasms, fuse plasma mem. into a single structure; found in the heart

Answer 24

gap junction

Question 25

cell men. proteins fuse w/ similar proteins in nearby cells forming an impermeable tight sheet; found in intestines

Answer 25

tight junction(s)

Question 26

a solution w/ more dissolved solute that surrounds the cell (if % solute is greater than inside the cell)

Answer 26

hypertonic

Question 27

water moves out of the cell, causing it to crenate (or shrink)

Answer 27

hypertonic

Question 28

a solution w/ less stuff (solute) dissolved surrounds the cell (if % solute is less than inside the cell)

Answer 28

hypotonic

Question 29

water moves into the swell, causing it to lyse (swell) and it may burst

Answer 29

hypotonic

Question 30

if % solute is the same outside and inside the cell (same amount)

Answer 30

isotonic

Question 31

water moves in and out of the cell equally, the shape stays the same

Answer 31

isotonic

Question 32

non-cancerous tumors that grow very slowly

Answer 32

benign

Question 33

cancerous tumors & are synonymous w/ cancer (grow very quickly)

Answer 33

malignant

Question 34

cancer cells are _____, they break through boundaries

Answer 34

invasive

Question 35

when some cancer cells can either enter the blood stream or the lymphatic system ( called streaming ) leads to what??

Answer 35

metastasis

Question 36

leads to tumors beyond the original site, called what

Answer 36

metastasis

Question 37

secretes chemical signal that causes blood vessels to grow to tumor

Answer 37

angiogenesis