Skeletal System Vocab Flashcards
ligament
connect bone to bone
osteoblast
produce immature bony tissue that replaces cartilage
osteoclast
reabsorb or digest bone (remodels) (osteoblasts + clasts work to deposit and tear down bone throughout life)
diaphysis
shaft of long bones
epiphysis
end of long bones
metaphysis
cone-like flared portion btwn end & shaft
epiphyseal plate
growth plate where cartilage is replaced by bone for bone growth (in length)
articular cartilage
-covers ends of bones
-cushions joint & allows them to move smoothly
-smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint
compact bone
contains haversian systems for blood vessels, nerves, and yellow bone marrow
cancellous bone
(spongy) spaces contain red bone marrow with elements for hematopoiesis
production of blood cells and platelets, occurs in the bone marrow
red bone marrow
-rich w blood vessels
-blood cells at different stages of development
-hematpoiesis
-changes to yellow later in life
yellow bone marrow
mostly fat
bone processes
serves as attachments for muscles, tendons, & ligaments
bone depression
openings or hollow regions; passageways for nerves &/or vessels (-Fissure- Foramen- Fossa- Sinus)
bone head (bone process)
rounded end of the bone
condyle (bone process)
rounded knuckle-like process
epicondyle (bone process)
small rounded process for tendon attachment
trochanter (bone process)
-femur only; greater and lesser
-tendon attachment
tuberosity (tubercle) (bone process)
small rounded elevation for tendon attachment
fissure (bone depression)
narrow grow; slit-like (ex. orbitial fissure, eye socket)
foramen (bone depress)
opening for blood vessels & nerves (foremen magnum of skull)
fossa (bone depress)
shallow cavity in or on a bone (olecranon fossa on humerus (elbow))
sinus (bone depress)
hollow cavity w/in bone (sinuses of skull)
sinuses
-located in facial and cranial bone
-lighten the skull
-warm and moisten the air as it passes into the respiratory sys
vertebrae
-26 bone segments from base of skull to tailbone in 5 divisions and separated by pads of cartilage called intervertebral disks
intervertebral disks (vertebrae)
pads of cartilage
Vertebrae sections
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx (tailbone)
coccyx (vertebrae)
tailbone
acetabulum
the socket of the hipbone into which the femur fits
bursa (pl. bursae)
-closed sacs of synovial fluid
-located near a joint
meniscus
-cartilage that divides a joint
-protective cushion
-located in the knee
tendons
connect muscle to bone
ossification
replacement of cartilage w/ bone
hormones that regular calcium levels in blood & bone
PTH & calcitonin
calcium source
skeleton
proper formation of bones depends on sources of
Calcium, potassium, & vitamin D
where is bone marrow found
ribs, pelvic bone, sternum, vertebrae, epiphysis of long bones
articulation
any type of joint (any place in the body where 2+ bones meet and form a connection)
cartilage
A tough, flexible tissue that lines joints and gives structure to body (including nose, ears, larynx/voicebox)
3 types of joints
immovable (synarthroses), freely movable (diarthroses), slightly moveable (Amphiarthroses)
immovable (synarthroses) ex
cranium,
Freely moveable (Diarthroses) categories
gliding joint, pivotal joint, saddle joint, hinge joint, condylar joint, ball and socket joint
Slightly moveable (Amphiarthroses)
ribs and pelvis
Slightly moveable (Amphiarthroses) TYPE
Synovial- (ball and socket joints)
synovial joints
- Joint capsule surrounds bone
- Synovial membrane lies under capsule & lines synovial cavity; filled with synovial fluid
periosteum
a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints
osteocyte
nourishes & maintains bone
