Nervous System Flashcards
cerebell/o
cerebellum (posterior part of the brain)
cerebr/o
cerebrum (largest part of the brain)
dur/o
dura matter
encephal/o
brain
gli/o
glial cells; neuroglial cells
(supportive tissue of the nervous system)
kines/o
movement
mening/o
meninges (membranes covering the spinal cord and brain)
my/o
muscle
myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
neur/o
nerve
vag/o
vagus nerve
Alzheimer’s (AD)
-Gradual & progressive mental deterioration
-Personality changes
-Impairment of daily functioning
-Unknown cause - genetics may play a role
brain
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder
Bell’s Palsy
-Paralysis on one side of the face
-Viral infection
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder
epilepsy
-Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
-Seizure- abnormal, sudden discharges of electrical activity within the brain
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder
Multiple sclerosis
-Destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS
-Myelin is replaced by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
-Progressive muscle weakness
-Etiology is unknown
-Autoimmune disease
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
-Autoimmune disorder
-Antibodies block the ability of ACh to transmit the nerve impulse
-Characterized by muscle weakness
-Immunosuppressive therapy
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder
Parkinson’s
-Tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
-Deficiency of dopamine
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder
cerebral contusion
-Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head
-Usually associated w/ skull fracture & edema
-Traumatic disorder
cerebral concussion
-Caused by a blow to the head
-Bruising
-No evidence of structural damage
-Traumatic disorder
spina bifida
-Cccurs when the neural tube doesn’t close during pregnancy
-Congenital Disorder
Occulta
The most mild type of Spina Bifida
(on spina bifida slide)
Cystica
-Meningocele
-Myelomeningocele
meningocele (on spina bifida slide, under cystica)
CSF forms a sac on the spine
meylominingocele (on spina bifida slide, under cystica)
The external sac contains CSF and the spinal nerves
cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
-Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; Stroke
amyotrophic later sclerosis (ALS)
- Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord & brain stem
- Weakness & atrophy (wasting away) of muscles in the hands, forearms, & legs
- Difficulty in swallowing & talking & dyspnea (difficult, labored breathing)
- Etiology (cause) & cure are unknown
- AKA: Lou Gehrig Disease
- ## degenerative movement and seizure disorder
glial cell
-support
-help ward off infection
-do not transmit impulses
-numerous & can reproduce
types of glial cells
-astrocyte (astroglial cells)
-microglial cell
-oligodendroglial cell
-ependymal cell
cerebrum
-Largest part of the brain (83%)
-Responsible for higher mental functions & distribution of impulses
-responsible for voluntary musclar activity, vision, speech, taste, eharing, thought, and memory)
Cerebral cortex
- Outer 3mm of “gray matter”
- 70% of all neurons in nervous system
- Controls most body functions
Consciousness
Sensory processing
Motor processing
Reasoning
Language
cerebellum
- Below and posterior to the cerebrum
-Coordinates muscular movement, posture, balance, running and walking
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- Serves as shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord
- Provides nutrients & waste removal for brain tissue
- CSF is clear and colorless
- Contains lymphocytes, sugar, and proteins
Medulla Oblongata
-part of the brain stem
-Controls vital bodily functions like breathing and heartbeat
hypothalamus
-part of the diencephalon
-Regulates autonomic control (homeostasis)
-Thirst, hunger, BP, temperature & glandular secretions
-Regulates Pituitary gland secretions
dura mater
-part of the meninges
-“Tough mother”
-strong, white fibrous tissue that lines skull bones
meninges
3 membranous coverings that surround the brain and spinal cord with spaces between each
epidural
(space) - between bone & dura mater
Subdural
(space) - between dura & arachnoid`
gyri
bumps
sulci
grooves
cranial nerves
-12 pairs
-send electrical signals between your brain and different parts of your head, face, neck and torso
plexus
peripheral nerves that run through body
cervial, brachial, lumbosacral
(part of peripheral nervous system PNS)
afferent nerve
-carries impulses towards CNS
-Somatic (skin, skeletal, muscles & joints)
-visceral (organs w/in ventral cavity
efferent nerve
-somatic - carries info to skeletal muscles
-reflexes & voluntary control
- autonomic - involuntary; regulates smooth muscles, cardiac muscles & glands
The PNS is divided…
into 2 divisions based on functions
afferent (sensory) division
efferent (motor) division
Huntington’s disease/chorea
Hereditary disorder
Degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements & mental deterioration
