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Med Term > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

cerebell/o

A

cerebellum (posterior part of the brain)

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

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3
Q

dur/o

A

dura matter

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4
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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5
Q

gli/o

A

glial cells; neuroglial cells
(supportive tissue of the nervous system)

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6
Q

kines/o

A

movement

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7
Q

mening/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the spinal cord and brain)

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8
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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9
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord; bone marrow

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10
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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11
Q

vag/o

A

vagus nerve

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12
Q

Alzheimer’s (AD)

A

-Gradual & progressive mental deterioration
-Personality changes
-Impairment of daily functioning
-Unknown cause - genetics may play a role
brain
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

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13
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

-Paralysis on one side of the face
-Viral infection
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

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14
Q

epilepsy

A

-Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
-Seizure- abnormal, sudden discharges of electrical activity within the brain
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

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15
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

-Destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS
-Myelin is replaced by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
-Progressive muscle weakness
-Etiology is unknown
-Autoimmune disease
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

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16
Q

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

-Autoimmune disorder
-Antibodies block the ability of ACh to transmit the nerve impulse
-Characterized by muscle weakness
-Immunosuppressive therapy
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

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17
Q

Parkinson’s

A

-Tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
-Deficiency of dopamine
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

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18
Q

cerebral contusion

A

-Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head
-Usually associated w/ skull fracture & edema
-Traumatic disorder

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19
Q

cerebral concussion

A

-Caused by a blow to the head
-Bruising
-No evidence of structural damage
-Traumatic disorder

20
Q

spina bifida

A

-Cccurs when the neural tube doesn’t close during pregnancy
-Congenital Disorder

21
Q

Occulta

A

The most mild type of Spina Bifida

22
Q

(on spina bifida slide)

A

Cystica
-Meningocele
-Myelomeningocele

23
Q

meningocele (on spina bifida slide, under cystica)

A

CSF forms a sac on the spine

24
Q

meylominingocele (on spina bifida slide, under cystica)

A

The external sac contains CSF and the spinal nerves

25
Q

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

-Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; Stroke

26
Q

amyotrophic later sclerosis (ALS)

A
  • Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord & brain stem
  • Weakness & atrophy (wasting away) of muscles in the hands, forearms, & legs
  • Difficulty in swallowing & talking & dyspnea (difficult, labored breathing)
  • Etiology (cause) & cure are unknown
  • AKA: Lou Gehrig Disease
  • ## degenerative movement and seizure disorder
27
Q

glial cell

A

-support
-help ward off infection
-do not transmit impulses
-numerous & can reproduce

28
Q

types of glial cells

A

-astrocyte (astroglial cells)
-microglial cell
-oligodendroglial cell
-ependymal cell

29
Q

cerebrum

A

-Largest part of the brain (83%)
-Responsible for higher mental functions & distribution of impulses
-responsible for voluntary musclar activity, vision, speech, taste, eharing, thought, and memory)

30
Q

Cerebral cortex

A
  • Outer 3mm of “gray matter”
  • 70% of all neurons in nervous system
  • Controls most body functions
    Consciousness
    Sensory processing
    Motor processing
    Reasoning
    Language
31
Q

cerebellum

A
  • Below and posterior to the cerebrum
    -Coordinates muscular movement, posture, balance, running and walking
32
Q

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A
  • Serves as shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord
  • Provides nutrients & waste removal for brain tissue
  • CSF is clear and colorless
  • Contains lymphocytes, sugar, and proteins
33
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

-part of the brain stem
-Controls vital bodily functions like breathing and heartbeat

34
Q

hypothalamus

A

-part of the diencephalon
-Regulates autonomic control (homeostasis)
-Thirst, hunger, BP, temperature & glandular secretions
-Regulates Pituitary gland secretions

35
Q

dura mater

A

-part of the meninges
-“Tough mother”
-strong, white fibrous tissue that lines skull bones

36
Q

meninges

A

3 membranous coverings that surround the brain and spinal cord with spaces between each

37
Q

epidural

A

(space) - between bone & dura mater

38
Q

Subdural

A

(space) - between dura & arachnoid`

39
Q

gyri

A

bumps

40
Q

sulci

A

grooves

41
Q

cranial nerves

A

-12 pairs
-send electrical signals between your brain and different parts of your head, face, neck and torso

42
Q

plexus

A

peripheral nerves that run through body
cervial, brachial, lumbosacral
(part of peripheral nervous system PNS)

43
Q

afferent nerve

A

-carries impulses towards CNS
-Somatic (skin, skeletal, muscles & joints)
-visceral (organs w/in ventral cavity

44
Q

efferent nerve

A

-somatic - carries info to skeletal muscles
-reflexes & voluntary control
- autonomic - involuntary; regulates smooth muscles, cardiac muscles & glands

45
Q

The PNS is divided…

A

into 2 divisions based on functions
afferent (sensory) division
efferent (motor) division

46
Q

Huntington’s disease/chorea

A

Hereditary disorder
Degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements & mental deterioration

Med Term (6 decks)

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