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TAAS SA ANAPHY EXAM CUTIE > Skeletal System (Lec) > Flashcards

Skeletal System (Lec) Flashcards

1
Q

Include the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body or the trunk

A

Axial Skeleton

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2
Q

Bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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3
Q

Dense and looks smooth and homogenous

A

Compact Bone

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4
Q

Has a spiky, open appearance like a sponge

A

Spongy Bone

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5
Q

typically longer than they are wide

A

Long Bones

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6
Q

thin, flattened, and usually curved

A

Flat Bones

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7
Q

have shafts with enlarged ends

A

Long Bones

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8
Q

have two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone between them

A

Flat Bones

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9
Q

contain mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone

A

Short bones

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10
Q

Any bone that does not fit the aforementioned categorizes

A

Irregular Bones

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11
Q

cube-shaped bones

A

Short bones

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12
Q

What bone classification do sesamoid bone, wrist & ankle bones belong?

A

Short bones

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13
Q

What bone classification do most bones of skull, ribs, sternum belong?

A

Flat bones

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14
Q

What bone classification does vertebrae belong in?

A

Irregular bones

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15
Q

Makes up most of the bone’s length

A

Diaphysis

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16
Q

a fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the diaphysis

A

Periosteum

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17
Q

Aka “Perforating Fibers”

A

Sharpey’s fibers

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18
Q

the ends of long bones

A

Epiphyses

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19
Q

covers the external surface of the epiphysis

A

Articular cartilage

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20
Q

Part of the bone composed of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

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21
Q

secure the periosteum to the underlying bone

A

Sharpey’s Fibers

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22
Q

consists of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area filled with spongy bone

A

Epiphyses

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23
Q

remnant of the epiphyseal plate

A

Epiphyseal line

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24
Q

a delicate connective tissue that covers the inner bony surface of the shaft

A

Endosteum

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25
Q

seen in young, growing bones

A

Epiphyseal plate

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26
Q

cavity of the shaft

A

Medullary cavity

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27
Q

in infants, the medullary cavity is a storage of?

A

Red marrow

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28
Q

The red marrow is gradually replaced by?

A

Yellow marrow

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29
Q

composed of hyaline cartilage

A

Articular cartilage

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30
Q

Large, rounded projection, may be roughened

A

Tuberosity

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31
Q

Narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent

A

Crest

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32
Q

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

A

Trochanter

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33
Q

Narrow ridge of the bone, less prominent than a crest

A

Line

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34
Q

Small, rounded projection or process

A

Tubercle

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35
Q

Raised area on or above a condyle

A

Epicondyle

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36
Q

Sharp, slender, often pointed projection

A

Spine

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37
Q

Any bony prominence

A

Process

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38
Q

Bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

A

Head

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39
Q

Smooth, nearly flat articular surface

A

Facet

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40
Q

Rounded articular projection

A

Condyle

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41
Q

Armlike bar of bone

A

Ramus

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42
Q

Furrow

A

Groove

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43
Q

Narrow, slitlike opening

A

Fissure

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44
Q

Round or oval opening through a bone

A

Foramen

45
Q

Indentation at the edge of a structure

A

Notch

46
Q

Canal or tunnel-like passageway

A

Meatus

47
Q

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

A

Fossa

48
Q

small needle-like pieces of bone that comprises the spongy bone

A

Trabeculae

49
Q

Aka “osteon”

A

Haversian System

50
Q

spaces filled by marrow, blood vessels, and nerves

A

Trabeculae

51
Q

Structural and functional unit of compact bone

A

Haversian system

52
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

53
Q

Name the six parts of the Haversian System

A

Osteocytes
Lacunae
Lamellae
Central Canals
Canaliculi
Volkmann’s Canal

54
Q

Aka “Haversian Canal”

A

Central Canals

55
Q

Cells responsible for the formation of new bone tissue

A

Osteoblast

56
Q

Cells responsible for the resorption of the bone

A

Osteoclast

57
Q

Derived from osteoblast

A

Osteocytes

58
Q

Living element of the bone

A

Osteocytes

59
Q

Primitive connective tissue will be replaced by osteoid matrix

A

Membranous phase

60
Q

Aka “cartilaginous phase”

A

Endochondrial phase

61
Q

They regulate the flow of minerals into & out the bone

A

Osteocytes

62
Q

Stage where osteoclast are activated

A

Activation

63
Q

Name the stages of bone remodelling

A

Activation
Resorption
Reversal
Formation
Quiescence

64
Q

Stage where osteoclast dissolve the bone

A

Resorption

65
Q

Stage where new bone tissues are formed

A

Formation

66
Q

Stage where osteoblast are recruited

A

Reversal

67
Q

Stage where bone undergoes dormancy until the next cycle begins

A

Quiescence

68
Q

usually brought about by a lack of calcium in the diet or lack of vitamin D, which is necessary for calcium absorption into the bloodstream

A

Rickets

69
Q

Break or discontinuity in a bone

A

Fractures

70
Q

the weight-bearing bones of the legs become bowed

A

Rickets

71
Q

communication between the bone & the surrounding structures

A

Open communication

72
Q

Aka “compound fracture”

A

Open

73
Q

Aka “simple fx”

A

Close

74
Q

Total discontinuity

A

Complete

75
Q

Crack/ avulsed

A

Incomplete

76
Q

Name the major events of bone repair

A

• A hematoma forms
• A fibrocartilage callus forms
• The bony callus forms
• Bone remodeling occurs

77
Q

Bone breaks into 3 or more fragments

A

Comminuted

78
Q

Bone is crushed

A

Compression

79
Q

Broken bone portion is pressed inward

A

Depression

80
Q

Broken bone ends are forced into each other

A

Impacted

81
Q

Ragged break occurs when excessive twisting forces are applied to a bone

A

Spiral

82
Q

Bone breaks incompletely

A

Greenstick

83
Q

Aka “articulations”

A

Joints

84
Q

hold the bones together securely and give the rigid skeleton mobility

A

Joints

85
Q

immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

86
Q

slightly movable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

87
Q

no mobility to very slight mobility

A

Synarthroses

88
Q

mobility with stability

A

Amphiarthroses

89
Q

freely movable joints

A

Diarthroses

90
Q

bones are united by fibrous tissue

A

Fibrous joints

91
Q

come in two varieties, which differ in the type of cartilage involved

A

Cartilaginous joints

92
Q

immovable joints linked by hyaline cartilage

A

Synchondroses

93
Q

amphiarthrotic joints linked by discs of fibrocartilage

A

Sympheses

94
Q

are joint in which the articulating bone
ends are separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid

A

Synovial joints

95
Q

Name four synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage
Reinforcing ligaments
Articular capsule
Joint cavity

96
Q

Flattened fibrous sacs lines with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid

A

Bursae

97
Q

an elongated bursa that wraps completely around a tendon subjected to friction

A

Tendon sheath

98
Q

They are common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

A

Bursae

99
Q

articular surfaces are essentially flat

A

Plane

100
Q

cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough-shaped surface on another bone

A

Hinge joint

101
Q

only short slipping or gliding movements

A

Plane joint

102
Q

Angular movements is allowed in just one plane

A

Hinge joint

103
Q

rounded end of one bone fits into a sleeve or ring of bone uniaxial joints

A

Pivot joint

104
Q

egg-shaped articular surface of one bone fits into an oval concavity in another

A

Condylar joint

105
Q

each articular surface has both convex and concave areas

A

Saddle joint

106
Q

allow the moving bone to travel (1) from side to side and (2) back and forth, but the bone cannot rotate around its long axis

A

Condylar joint

107
Q

spherical head of one bone fits into the round socket in another

A

Ball-and-socket joint

108
Q

multiaxial joints allow movements in all axes, including rotation

A

Ball-and-socket joint

109
Q

Function for support, protection, allow movement, storage, blood cell formation

A

Bones

TAAS SA ANAPHY EXAM CUTIE (4 decks)

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