Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

TAAS SA ANAPHY EXAM CUTIE > Cytology > Flashcards

Cytology Flashcards

1
Q

refers to the basic unit of life and is approx. 50 to 100 million

A

cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

according to this principle, activities of cells are dictated by its anatomy and physiology

A

Principle of Complementarity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Substance that makes up the cell

A

protoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

enumerate the 5 cell components

A

Water
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Ions
Lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

makes up 60% of the cell

A

water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

makes up 40% of water

A

ICF/intracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

makes up 20% of water

A

ECF/extracellular fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

makes up 5% of ECF

A

plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

makes up 15% of ECF

A

interstitial fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

give at least 5 components of intracellular fluid

A

Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate
Sulfate
Organic Anion
Proteins
Most abundant ion: Organic anion Potassium (OaK)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

give at least 3 components of extracellular fluid

A

Sodium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

enumerate the 5 components of protoplasm

A

carbohydrates, lipids, ions, water, proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

control center of the cell which contains DNA

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most abundant ion in ICF

A

OaK (Organic anion Potassium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most abundant ion in ECF

A

NaCl (Sodium Chloride)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Three organelles plant cells have that animal cells don’t have

A

Cell wall
Vacuole
Chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

blueprint that contains all the instructions needed for building the whole body

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

aka nuclear membrane

A

Nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Contains genes

A

Nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

allows some but not all substances to pass through it, but substances pass through it much more freely than elsewhere because of its relatively large pores

A

Nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sites where cell structures called ribosomes are assembled

A

Nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

loose network of “beads on a string”

A

Chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

small, dark staining, essentially round bodies

A

Nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

encloses nucleoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A.k.a. “Cell Membrane”

A

Plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Plasma membrane is composed of?

A

Proteins and lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Function of proteins in cell

A

R- Receptors
I- Ion Channels
C- Carriers
E- Enzymes
M- Markers
A- Adhesions
P- Pumps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Nature of lipids

A

A- Amphipathic in nature
B- Bilayer of lipids
S- Semipermeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What particles can permeate the plasma membrane (arrange from most to least permeable)

A

Gases
Solutes
Water
Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

cellular material between the inner nucleus and outer plasma membrane

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Three major components of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol
Inclusions
Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

semitransparent fluid that suspends the other elements

A

Cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

specialized cellular compartments

A

Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

site of most cellular activities

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

chemical substances whose presence depends on the cell type

A

Inclusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

function as the metabolic machinery of the cell

A

Organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What does mitochondria generate?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Has ribosomes on its surface

A

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Doesn’t have ribosomes

A

Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

stack of flattened membranous sacs

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Transports protein vesicle to golgi apparatus

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

sites of protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Functions for lipid metabolism

A

Smooth ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Creates protein filled vesicles

A

Rough ER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

modify, package, and ship proteins in specific ways

A

Golgi apparatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

A.k.a “cell scavenger” “demolition site”
“suicide bags”

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Framework of the cell

A

Cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Produced by smooth ER

A

Peroxisomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Made up of protein/ enzymes

A

Lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What do peroxisomes contain?

A

Oxidase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

What do lysosomes contain?

A

Hydrolase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Fxns:
a) determining cell shape
b) supporting other organelles
c) providing the means for intracellular transport

A

Cytoskeleton

54
Q

digest bacteria et worn out cells

A

Lysosomes

55
Q

What elements make up the cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilament
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

56
Q

strong and ropelike structures that form desmosomes

A

Intermediate filaments

57
Q

Component in cytoskeleton such as actin and myosin

A

Microfilaments

58
Q

made up of repeating subunits of the protein tubulin

A

Microtubules

59
Q

collectively called centrosome

A

Centrioles

60
Q

responsible for the movement of sperm cells

A

Flagella

61
Q

longer than cilla

A

Flagella

62
Q

tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane

A

Microvilli

63
Q

move substances along the cell surface

A

Cilia

64
Q

whip like cellular extensions

A

Cilia

65
Q

generates microtubules

A

Centrioles

66
Q

process by which molecules move away from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

A

Diffusion

67
Q

extending the surface area of cells active in absorption

A

Microvilli

68
Q

directing the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division

A

Centrioles

69
Q

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A

Osmosis

70
Q

When a solute passes through the membrane without any assistance

A

Simple diffusion

71
Q

Net water gain and cell swells

A

Hypotonic solution

72
Q

Three factors that increases the rate of Diffusion

A

a) Higher temperature
b) Smaller molecules
c) Higher partition coefficient

73
Q

Name lipid-soluble solutes

A

a) fats
b) fat-soluble vitamins
c) O2
d) CO2

74
Q

In osmosis, water passes through the membrane using special pores called?

A

Aquaporins

75
Q

Net water loss and cell shrinks

A

Hypertonic solution

76
Q

No net loss or gain

A

Isotonic solution

77
Q

Uses carrier proteins

A

Carrier mediated diffusion

78
Q

Uses electrical current

A

Voltage-gated diffusion

79
Q

Uses chemical (neurotransmitter)

A

Ligand-gated channel

80
Q

• “uphill mov’t”
• Uses ATP
• Against concentration gradient

A

Active transport

81
Q

water and solutes are forced through a membrane (or capillary wall) by fluid or hydrostatic pressure

A

Filtration

82
Q

Active transport that uses ATP

A

Primary active transport

83
Q

Use ATP from the primary active transport

A

Secondary active transport

84
Q

moves substances in or out of the cell in large quantities without crossing the plasma membrane directly

A

Vesicular transport

85
Q

Expulsion of cell content

A

Exocytosis

86
Q

involves the use of ATP to fuse or separate membrane vesicles and the cell membrane

A

Vesicular transport

87
Q

Ingestion of particles

A

Endocytosis

88
Q

“cell eating”

A

Phagocytosis

89
Q

“cell drinking”

A

Pinocytosis

90
Q

Ingestion of large/ solid particles

A

Phagocytosis

91
Q

Ingestion of small/ liquid

A

Pinocytosis

92
Q

series of changes that occurs in a cell from its formation until it undergoes cell division

A

Cell life cycle

93
Q

Period of cell growth before the DNA is duplicated

A

G1

94
Q

Period after DNA is duplicated. Cell prepares for division

A

G2

95
Q

Period when the DNA is duplicated (when chromosomes are duplicated)

A

S

96
Q

when the cell grows and performs normal metabolic activities

A

Interphase

97
Q

when cell reproduces

A

Cell Division

98
Q

includes the preparatory phase of cell division

A

Interphase

99
Q

DNA molecule is duplicated exactly

A

DNA replication

100
Q

building blocks of the DNA molecule

A

Nucleotides

101
Q

What do nucleotides consist of?

A

a) deoxyribose sugar
b) phosphate group
c) nitrogen-containing base

102
Q

Occurs toward the end of interphase

A

DNA Replication

103
Q

Cell division for somatic cells

A

Mitosis

104
Q

Cell division for sexual reproduction

A

Meiosis

105
Q

Aka gametes

A

Sex cells

106
Q

How many daughter cells are in mitosis?

A

Two (diploid)

107
Q

How many daughter cells are in meiosis?

A

Four (haploid)

108
Q

usually begins in late anaphase and completes during telophase

A

Cytokinesis

109
Q

Nucleus & nuclear envelope disappears

A

Prophase

110
Q

Chromosomes are aligned at the midline/ equidistant by the microtubules

A

Metaphase

111
Q

Final stage of cell division wherein the cells is divided to produce 2 cells

A

Telophase

112
Q

Centrioles moves to opposite pole

A

Prophase

113
Q

Formation of cleavage furrow

A

Telophase

114
Q

cellular process in which proteins are produced

A

Protein synthesis

115
Q

major building material for cells

A

Fibrous (structural) proteins

116
Q

Perform functional roles in the body

A

Globular (functional) proteins

117
Q

Nucleus & nuclear envelope reappear

A

Telophase

118
Q

single stranded

A

Ribonucleic acid

119
Q

a DNA segment that carries the information for building one protein

A

Gene

120
Q

RNA that helps for the ribosomes

A

rRNA

121
Q

Nucleotide pairings of DNA

A

Adenine-Thymine
Guanine-Cytosine

122
Q

Each sequence of three-bases

A

Triplet

123
Q

carry the “message” containing instructions for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes

A

mMRNA

124
Q

small, cloverleaf-shaped molecules that escort amino acids to the ribosome

A

tRNA

125
Q

Process of protein synthesis

A

Transcription
Translation

126
Q

the language of nucleic acids (base sequence) is “translated” into the language of proteins (amino acid sequence)

A

Translation

127
Q

involves the transfer of information from the sequence of bases in a DNA gene into the complementary sequence of mRNA by an enzyme

A

Transcription

128
Q

corresponding three- sequence base sequences on
mRNA

A

Codons

129
Q

Nucleotide pairings in RNA

A

Adenine-Uracil
Guanine-Cytosine

130
Q

Corrects the sequence of amino acids via anticodon

A

tRNA

TAAS SA ANAPHY EXAM CUTIE (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions