Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gross Anatomy I > Skeletal system - general knowledge > Flashcards

Skeletal system - general knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

A

approximately 206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functional divisions of the skeletal system?

A
  • axial: bones of head neck and trunk

- appendicular: bones of extremities/limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is included in the axial skeleton?

A
  • Skull
  • hyoid bone
  • vertebrae
  • ribs
  • sternum
  • sacrum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is included in the appendicular skeleton?

A
  • pectoral girdle
  • upper extremities
  • lower extremities
  • pelvic girdle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Skeleton is composed of….

A

cartilage and bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cartilage and what is its function?

A

avascular connective tissue that offers flexibility to the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does cartilage obtain nutrients?

A

by diffusion because it is avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

cartilage that covers articulating surfaces of bones that participate in synovial joints, providing a smooth, low friction surface for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is bone tissue?

A

living, hard, connective tissue that makes up most of the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Functions of bones?

A
  • support
  • protection
  • mechanical movement
  • storage of salts
  • continuous supply of blood cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is periosteum?

A

fibrous connective tissue that covers bones, except when cartilage is present, and provides attachment surface for tendons and ligaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is perichondrium?

A

fibrous connective tissue that covers cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Types of bone?

A

compact and spongy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe compact bone

A

thin layer of bone that surrounds spongy bone

-found in greater amounts near the shafts of weight-bearing bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe spongy bone

A
  • central compartment of bones
  • composed of large and numerous spaces
  • contains trabeculae
  • sometimes replaced or combined with medullary cavities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are medullary cavities?

A

yellow (fatty) or red (blood cell and platelet forming) bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bones are classified by what shapes?

A
  • long
  • short
  • flat
  • irregular
  • sesamoid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define long bones

A

tubular and long such as humerus and femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define short bones

A

cuboidal and only found in ankle and wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define flat bones

A

flat and usually serve protective function such as the bones of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define irregular bones

A

are not long, short or flat such as bones of the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define sesamoid bones

A

develop in the tendons and protect them from wear and change the angle of tendons as the pass to attachments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the significance of bone markings?

A

they appear wherever tendons, ligaments or fascia are attached, wherever arteries lie adjacent to or enter bones or in relation to passage of a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Parts of a bone

A

diaphysis, epiphyses, epiphyseal plate and epiphyseal line

25
Define diaphysis
shaft of the bone where growth develops
26
Define epiphysis (plural epiphyses)
end of a bone
27
Define epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous plates between epiphyses and diaphysis of bones that prevent fusion during long bone growth
28
Define Epiphyseal line
seam formed during fusion of diaphysis and epiphyses
29
What are the 3 types of joints?
- fibrous - cartilaginous - synovial
30
Define a fibrous joint
- united by fibrous tissue | - movement dependent on length of fibers uniting articulating bones
31
Types of fibrous joints
- sutures (synarthrosis) - syndesmosis - dentoalveolar syndesmosis (gomphosis or socket)
32
What are suture joints?
a type of fibrous joint that interlocks along a wavy line or overlaps ex: skull
33
What are syndesmosis joints?
a type of fibrous joint that is united with a sheet of fibrous tissue (ligament or fibrous membrane) ex: interosseous membrane that joins radius and ulna
34
What are dentoalveolar syndesmosis?
a type a fibrous joint between a pig-like process and socket articulation ex: tooth root and alveolar process of jaw
35
Types of cartilaginous joints?
- primary cartilaginous joints (synchondroses) | - secondary cartilaginous joints (symphyses)
36
Define cartilaginous joints
a joint that is united by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
37
What is a primary cartilaginous joint?
- a type of cartilaginous joint that is united by hyaline cartilage. - permits growth and slight bending during development - usually temporary and eventually fuse and calcify
38
What is a secondary cartilaginous joint?
- a type of cartilaginous joint that is united by fibrocartilage ex: intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis - it is strong and slightly moveable - provides shock absorption, strength and flexibility
39
Define synovial joint
-most common type of cartilaginous joint that is united by joint capsule that encloses articular cavity. It provides free movement between the two bones it connects and is reinforced by accessory ligaments or thickening of the joint capsule
40
Describe joint capsule structure
outer fibrous layer that is lined by inner serous synovial membrane
41
What is a joint cavity?
a potential space in a synovial joint that contains small amount of lubricating synovial fluid
42
What is the function of the synovial membrane and where is it located?
it functions to secrete synovial fluid into the joint cavity and it lines the outer fibrous layer of the joint capsule
43
What is articular cartilage?
it covers articulating surfaces of bones
44
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
- plane - hinge - saddle - condyloid - ball and socket - pivot
45
Define a plane joint
a type of synovial joint that allows gliding movements along plane of articulation ex: acromioclavicular joint (acromium:clavicle joint)
46
Define a hinge joint
a type of synovial joint that allows flexion/extension only in sagittal plane around a single transverse axis. Usually reinforced laterally by collateral ligaments ex: elbow joint
47
Define a saddle joint
a type of synovial joint that allows abduction/adduction as well as flexion/extension around 2 axes that are perpendicular to each other: sagittal and frontal ex: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
48
Define a condyloid joint
a type of synovial joint that allows abduction/adduction as well as flexion/extension but movement in the sagittal plane is more free ex: metacarpophalangeal or radiocarpal joints
49
Define ball and socket joint
a type of synovial joint that allows movement in multiple planes: abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, medial rectus/lateral rectus, circumduction ex: hip or shoulder joint
50
Define a pivot joint
a type of synovial joint that allows for rotation around a central axis ex: median atlantoaxial joint (C1 rotates around the dens of C2)
51
Hilton's law states...
nerves supplying a joint also supply the muscles moving the joint and the skin covering their distal attachments
52
Describe origin, location and function of articular arteries supplying joints
-arise from vessels around the joint, are located in the joint capsule and often form communication networks to ensure blood supply/distribution
53
What does anastomose mean?
to communicate through cross-connection or adjacent channels
54
What are periarticular anastomoses?
networks of arteries that communicate and ensure blood supply/distribution to an area
55
Describe location and function of articular veins supplying joints
communication veins that accompany arteries (venue comitantes)
56
Describe origin of articular nerves supplying joints
most are branches of nerves supplying muscles that move the joint except distally (hands and feet) they are branches of the cutaneous nerves supplying overlying skin
57
Describe the function of articular nerves supplying joints
they transmit sensory impulses that contribute to sense of proprioception
58
What is proprioception?
awareness of movement and position of parts of the body
59
Distribution of nerve fibers in a joint
- few in synovial membranes making then insensitive | - numerous in fibrous layer of joint capsule and accessory ligaments, making injuries to these very painful

Gross Anatomy I (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions