Skeletal System (Bones, Cartilage, & Joints) Flashcards
What are the functions of the bone?
Rigid support Site of muscle attachment Internal organ protection Storage for calcium Continuous blood cell supply
What are the functions of cartilage?
Semi-rigid support Decrease friction -hyaline cartilage, specifically -lines articular surfaces of bones within synovial joints Allow for growth
Names of joints like of the elbow and knee
Synovial
A word that means related to joints:
Articular
Another word for compact bone
Cortical
Where is compact bone likely to be the dominate kind of bone?
Where it is most likely to buckle
Spongy or compact is superficial
Compact
What is the structural unit of the compact bone?
The osteon
What is the hole in the middle of an osteon called?
Central canal
Why is there a canal for the osteon?
For vessels and nerves
What is the shape of the osteon?
Circular
What kind of blood does the artery carry?
Oxygenated
What kind of blood does the vein carry?
Deoxygenated
What are the blood vessels and nerves in the Central canal for?
To nourish the bone
What are the little holes that surround the central canal?
Lacuna
What does the lacuna hold?
Osteocytes
What are the growth rings that the lacuna is formed of called?
Lamella/lamellae
What does spongy bone lack that compact bone has?
Osteons
What are the 2 main parts of spongy bone?
Trabeculae and marrow cavities
What kind of stress does the trabeculae handle?
Stress from multiple directions
What is the shape of trabeculae?
Fine, irregular plates
What’s another word for marrow cavities?
Medullary cavities
What, other than the osteon, is capable of laying down new bone?
Periosteum
What is periosteum made of?
Dense connective tissue
What lines the inner surfaces and spicules of spongy bone?
Endosteum
Where does the majority and minority of bone blood supply come from?
Endosteal blood vessels
(They run with the endosteum)
Periosteal blood vessels (superficial to endosteal)
What are two gener types of bone development?
Intramembrous and endochondral
Stages of intramembrous bone development?
Mesanchymal cells > mineralization> bone
Stages of endochondral bone development?
Mesenchymal cells> cartilage model> mineralization> bone
What is chondra the root word for?
Cartilage
What is the beginning of ossification in a bone usually triggered by?
(Vascular invasion) The invasion of a blood vessel
What is the hyaline cartilage that is present inbetween bone and bone as a child?
Epiphyseal plate
What does the epiphyseal plate become for an adult?
Articular cartilage
Middle area of tubular bone?
Diaphysis
Where is the secondary ossification Center for growing bones?
Epiphysis(es)
Where are epiphyses on the bone during bone development?
On both ends of tubular bones
What is the function of an epiphyseal plate? (Growth plate)
Cartilage-to-bone transition
What is the epiphyseal line?
Point of fusion of diaphysis and epiphysis
What kinds of bones are humerus and femur?
Tubular
What kinds of bones are tarsals and carpals?
Short (cuboidal) bones
What kind of bones are cranium bones?
Flat bones
What kind of bones are face and vertebrae?
Irregular bones
What bones grow within connective tissue?
Sesamoid bones
What is another word for joint?
Articulation
What is the definition of joint/articulation?
Where two bones meet!
What are the 3 types of joints?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What are fibrous joints united by?
fibrous tissue
What are the 3 sub-types of fibrous joints?
Gomphosis
Suture
Syndesmosis
What is an exame of a gomphosis fibrous joints?
The pieces of connective tissue connecting the jawbone to the tooth.
What is an example of suture fibrous joint?
The microscopic connective tissue between bone and bone on the cranium
What is the common structure of syndesmosis fibrous joints and what is an example of it?
Syndesmoses are usually shaped like a sheet of connective tissues connecting one bone to another bone.
Example: connects the radius to the ulna. (interosseous membrane)
What is the name of the connective joint the connects the tibia to fibula and the radius to the ulna?
interosseous membrane
What are the 2 types of cartilaginous joints?
Primary (synchondrosis) hyaline cartilage for growing bones that will be replaced by new
Secondary (Symphasis) fibrocartilage makes up intervertebral discs and pubis Symphasis
What are the four characteristics of synovial joints?
- Articular capsule (fibrous layer, synovial membrane)
- Cavity filled with synovial fluid
- Bones at joint layered with articular cartilage
- Supported by ligaments
What are the 6 different classifications of joints and their movements?
Pivot- rotation
Hinge- flexion/extension
Saddle- front to back/side to side (biaxial)
Condyloid- wobble side to side/front to back (fingers)
Plane- two flat bones sliding
Ball and socket- multiaxial
What is the bone region that consists of cranium, ribs, sternum and vertebral column called?
Axial skeleton
What is the bone region that consists of the pelvic/pectoral girdles and the limbs?
Appendicular skeleton
Where and what is pectoral girdle? What advantage does it have?
Articulates with axial skeleton at sternum.
Clavicle and scapula.
Free range of motion.
Where and what is pelvic girdle? What advantage does it have?
Articulates with axial skeleton at sacrum.
L & R hip bones (is coxae) Ilium, ischium, and pubis.
Support weight.
