Skeletal System Flashcards
What is another word for bone?
Osseous tissue
What is bone?
• Bone (osseous tissue) is a hard dense connective tissue that forms most of the adult skeleton, the support structure of the body.
Name two functions of the skeleton?
Two functions of the skeleton is for support but also to protect structures in the body.
What is the skeletal system?
• The skeletal system is the body system composed of bones and cartilage.
What are the critical functions in the body in which the skeletal system perform?
- Support for the body.
- Facilitates movement – without the skeletal system we would not be able to move.
- Protects internal organs.
- Produces blood cells – haematopoiesis.
- Stores and releases minerals and fat
How do bone facilitate movement?
Bones facilitate movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles
What does the bone matrix do?
Bone matrix acts as a reservoir for minerals e.g., calcium, phosphorus
How many classification of bone is there?
What are they?
Five
- Long Bones
- Short Bones
- Flat Bones
- Irregular Bones
- Sesamoid Bones
Describe Long Bones
a. These are cylindrical in shape.
b. Longer than it is wide.
c. An example is the femur bone.
d. Bones in the arm - the humerus, ulna, radius.
e. Bones within the fingers and toes are also long bones.
f. These bones function as levers therefore they move when muscles contract.
Describe Short Bones
a. Cube-like in shape.
b. Equal in length, width, and thickness
c. An example of a short bone is the carpals of the wrists and the tarsals of the ankles.
d. These bones provide stability and support.
e. They have limited motion therefore do not move a huge amount.
Describe Flat Bones
a. Typically, flat bones are thin but can also be curved.
b. The cranial bones, the scull bones, the scapula, the sternum and the ribs are all examples of flat bones.
c. Flat bones are points of attachment for muscles and are involved often in protection of internal organs.
Describe Irregular Bones
a. Not easily categorised into a particular shape.
b. Do not fit with any other classification.
c. Normally they have a complex shape.
d. For example, the vertebrae and facial bones.
e. Often involved in some kind of protection – for example, the vertebrae has the spinal cord running through it.
Describe Sesamoid Bones
a. These are small, round and shaped like a sesame seed (as the name suggests).
b. These are formed/embedded in tendons where there is a lot of pressure generated by the joint.
c. For example, these are typically found in tendons, in the feet and the hands and the knees.
d. They vary in numbers and placement from person to person.
e. Most people have a patella – a good example of a sesamoid bone.
What is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone called?
The Diaphysis
What is the hollow region in the diaphysis called?
The medullary cavity
What is the wider section at each end of the bone called?
The Epiphysis
Where does the epiphysis meet the diaphsis?
At the metaphysis (area around the epiphyseal
what is the membrane lining of the medullary cavity called?
The endosteum
What is the endosteum involved with?
It is involved with bone growth, repair and remodelling
What is the periosteum?
It is the fibrous layer on the outside of the bone
What are the three general classes of bone markings?
- Articulations
- A Projection
- A Hole
Bone contains small numbers of cells surrounded in a matrix of collagen fibres which help provide what?
They help to provide a surface for inorganic salt crystals to adhere.
