Myokines Flashcards
What are myokines?
Myokines are hormones or cytokines released from muscle.
When are myokines released?
In response to PA/muscle contractions and energy stresses in the muscle.
What is IL6 an example of?
Mitochondrial stress
What was the first identified muokine?
Myostatin
What are myokines responsible for?
Endocrine function of muscle
What type of tissue is muscle?
Heterogenous
What is a defining feature of myokines?
A key defining feature of myokines is that they are released from muscle cells and not from any supporting cells in muscle tissue
What are myokines secreted by?
Myocytes
What are the consequences of AMPK?
Specifically AMPK inhibits anabolic pathways which consume energy.
AMPK also stimulates catabolic pathways which breakdown energy.
Where does a lot of the glucose needed for exercise come from?
The Liver
What is another name for Myostatin?
It is also called Growth and Differentiation Factor 8 (GDF8).
What family of cell regulatory molecules is myostatin apart of?
The TGF-b family
What type of muscle regulator is Myostatin?
Negative Regulator
What is myostatin expressed by?
Adult muscle and adipose tissue
What does a loss of Myostatin lead to?
Hypertrophy
