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MLS 111 > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

enlarged portion of a long bone

A

epiphysis

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2
Q

covers the surface of each epiphysis

A

hyaline/ articular cartilage

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3
Q

the long shaft of the bone that extends between the two epiphyses

A

diaphysis

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4
Q

joins the epiphysis to the diaphysis

A

epiphyseal plate/line

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5
Q

a fobrous connective tissue membrane that is attached and covers the entire bone

A

periosteum

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6
Q

forms 5he interior of small bones skull bones, and the epiphyses in long bones

A

spongy bone

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7
Q

thin rods or plates that form a mesh-lik framework containing spaces

A

trabeculae

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8
Q

forms the wall of the diaphysis and forms a thin surface layer over the epiphysis

A

compact bone

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9
Q

the cavity that extends the length of the diaphysis filled with fatty yellow marrow

A

medullary cavity

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10
Q

thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

A

endosteum

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11
Q

arranged in concentric rings around osteonic canals

A

lacunae

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12
Q

bone matrix formed in concentric layers

A

lamellae

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13
Q

the structural unit of a compact bone

A

osteon

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14
Q

a channel entering or passing through the bone where blood vessels and nerves enter

A

foramen

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15
Q

tinu channels that extend from the lacunae where materials are exchanged between bone cells and blood vessels

A

canaliculi

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16
Q

the process of bone formation

A

ossification

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17
Q

unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme, the only bone cells to undergo cell division, found along the inner portion of thhe periosteum and endosteum

A

osteoprogenitor cells

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18
Q

bone-building cells that deposit extracellular bone matrix around themselves

A

osteoblasts

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19
Q

mature bone cells, main cells in bone tissue

A

osteocytes

20
Q

huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum

A

osteoclasts

21
Q

powerful lysosomal enzymes digest the mineral components of bone matrix for normal development, maintenance, and repair of bone

A

bone resorption

22
Q

most skull bones are formed through this way

A

intramembranous ossification

23
Q

intramembranous ossification series of events

A

development of ossification center
calcification
formation of trebaculae
development of periosteum

24
Q

most bones of the body are formed this way

A

endochondral ossification

25
Q

endochindral classification series of events

A 
cartilage model
growth of cartilage model
primary ossification center
medullary cavity
secondary ossifucation center
articular cartilage and epiphyseal growth plate
26
Q

two major events in growth in length

A

interstitial growth of cartilage on the epiphysial side

replacement of cartilage with bone on the diaphyseal side

27
Q

way in which bone can grow in thickness

A

appositional growth

28
Q

removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bones by osteoclasts

A

bone resorption

29
Q

addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bon eby osteoblasts

A

bone deposition

30
Q

phases of bone repair fracture

A

fracture hematoma- mass of clotted blood

fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus- periosteum produce collagen fibers

31
Q

fibrocartilage is converted into spongy bone

A

bony (hard) callus

32
Q

compact bone replaces spongy bone, dead portions of the original bone fragments are resorbed by osteoclasts

A

bone remodelling phase

33
Q

four phases of bone fracture repair

A

reactive phase: fracture hematoma (6- 8 hours)
reparative phase: fibrocartilaginous callus (3 weeks)
bony callus (3- 4 months)
bone remodelling phase

34
Q

inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by bacterial infection

A

osteomyelitis

35
Q

weakening of bones dues to removal of calcium salts

A

osteoporosis

36
Q

disease of children chatacterized by deficiency of calcium salts in the bones

A

rickets

37
Q

inflammation of the joints

A

arthritis

38
Q

inflammation of the bursa

A

bursitis

39
Q

displacement of bones forming a joint

A

dislocation

40
Q

intervertebral disk protrudes beyond the edge of the vertebra, ruptured or slipped disk

A

herniated disk

41
Q

thoracic curvature of the spinal column, humpback condition

A

kyphosis

42
Q

lumbar curvature of the vertebral column, swayback condition

A

lordosis

43
Q

lateral curvature of the vertebral column

A

scoliosis

44
Q

tearing or excessive stretching of the lugaments and tendons

A

sprain

45
Q

canals that run lengthwise

A

Haversian canals

46
Q

canals that run transverse to the bone

A

volkmann’s canal

MLS 111 (8 decks)

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