Skeletal system

Question 1

enlarged portion of a long bone

Answer 1

epiphysis

Question 2

covers the surface of each epiphysis

Answer 2

hyaline/ articular cartilage

Question 3

the long shaft of the bone that extends between the two epiphyses

Answer 3

diaphysis

Question 4

joins the epiphysis to the diaphysis

Answer 4

epiphyseal plate/line

Question 5

a fobrous connective tissue membrane that is attached and covers the entire bone

Answer 5

periosteum

Question 6

forms 5he interior of small bones skull bones, and the epiphyses in long bones

Answer 6

spongy bone

Question 7

thin rods or plates that form a mesh-lik framework containing spaces

Answer 7

trabeculae

Question 8

forms the wall of the diaphysis and forms a thin surface layer over the epiphysis

Answer 8

compact bone

Question 9

the cavity that extends the length of the diaphysis filled with fatty yellow marrow

Answer 9

medullary cavity

Question 10

thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Answer 10

endosteum

Question 11

arranged in concentric rings around osteonic canals

Answer 11

lacunae

Question 12

bone matrix formed in concentric layers

Answer 12

lamellae

Question 13

the structural unit of a compact bone

Answer 13

osteon

Question 14

a channel entering or passing through the bone where blood vessels and nerves enter

Answer 14

foramen

Question 15

tinu channels that extend from the lacunae where materials are exchanged between bone cells and blood vessels

Answer 15

canaliculi

Question 16

the process of bone formation

Answer 16

ossification

Question 17

unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme, the only bone cells to undergo cell division, found along the inner portion of thhe periosteum and endosteum

Answer 17

osteoprogenitor cells

Question 18

bone-building cells that deposit extracellular bone matrix around themselves

Answer 18

osteoblasts

Question 19

mature bone cells, main cells in bone tissue

Answer 19

osteocytes

Question 20

huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum

Answer 20

osteoclasts

Question 21

powerful lysosomal enzymes digest the mineral components of bone matrix for normal development, maintenance, and repair of bone

Answer 21

bone resorption

Question 22

most skull bones are formed through this way

Answer 22

intramembranous ossification

Question 23

intramembranous ossification series of events

Answer 23

development of ossification center
calcification
formation of trebaculae
development of periosteum

Question 24

most bones of the body are formed this way

Answer 24

endochondral ossification

Question 25

endochindral classification series of events

Answer 25

``` cartilage model growth of cartilage model primary ossification center medullary cavity secondary ossifucation center articular cartilage and epiphyseal growth plate ```

Question 26

two major events in growth in length

Answer 26

interstitial growth of cartilage on the epiphysial side | replacement of cartilage with bone on the diaphyseal side

Question 27

way in which bone can grow in thickness

Answer 27

appositional growth

Question 28

removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bones by osteoclasts

Answer 28

bone resorption

Question 29

addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bon eby osteoblasts

Answer 29

bone deposition

Question 30

phases of bone repair fracture

Answer 30

fracture hematoma- mass of clotted blood | fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus- periosteum produce collagen fibers

Question 31

fibrocartilage is converted into spongy bone

Answer 31

bony (hard) callus

Question 32

compact bone replaces spongy bone, dead portions of the original bone fragments are resorbed by osteoclasts

Answer 32

bone remodelling phase

Question 33

four phases of bone fracture repair

Answer 33

reactive phase: fracture hematoma (6- 8 hours) reparative phase: fibrocartilaginous callus (3 weeks) bony callus (3- 4 months) bone remodelling phase

Question 34

inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by bacterial infection

Answer 34

osteomyelitis

Question 35

weakening of bones dues to removal of calcium salts

Answer 35

osteoporosis

Question 36

disease of children chatacterized by deficiency of calcium salts in the bones

Answer 36

rickets

Question 37

inflammation of the joints

Answer 37

arthritis

Question 38

inflammation of the bursa

Answer 38

bursitis

Question 39

displacement of bones forming a joint

Answer 39

dislocation

Question 40

intervertebral disk protrudes beyond the edge of the vertebra, ruptured or slipped disk

Answer 40

herniated disk

Question 41

thoracic curvature of the spinal column, humpback condition

Answer 41

kyphosis

Question 42

lumbar curvature of the vertebral column, swayback condition

Answer 42

lordosis

Question 43

lateral curvature of the vertebral column

Answer 43

scoliosis

Question 44

tearing or excessive stretching of the lugaments and tendons

Answer 44

sprain

Question 45

canals that run lengthwise

Answer 45

Haversian canals

Question 46

canals that run transverse to the bone

Answer 46

volkmann's canal