Skeletal system Flashcards
enlarged portion of a long bone
epiphysis
covers the surface of each epiphysis
hyaline/ articular cartilage
the long shaft of the bone that extends between the two epiphyses
diaphysis
joins the epiphysis to the diaphysis
epiphyseal plate/line
a fobrous connective tissue membrane that is attached and covers the entire bone
periosteum
forms 5he interior of small bones skull bones, and the epiphyses in long bones
spongy bone
thin rods or plates that form a mesh-lik framework containing spaces
trabeculae
forms the wall of the diaphysis and forms a thin surface layer over the epiphysis
compact bone
the cavity that extends the length of the diaphysis filled with fatty yellow marrow
medullary cavity
thin membrane that lines the medullary cavity
endosteum
arranged in concentric rings around osteonic canals
lacunae
bone matrix formed in concentric layers
lamellae
the structural unit of a compact bone
osteon
a channel entering or passing through the bone where blood vessels and nerves enter
foramen
tinu channels that extend from the lacunae where materials are exchanged between bone cells and blood vessels
canaliculi
the process of bone formation
ossification
unspecialized bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme, the only bone cells to undergo cell division, found along the inner portion of thhe periosteum and endosteum
osteoprogenitor cells
bone-building cells that deposit extracellular bone matrix around themselves
osteoblasts
mature bone cells, main cells in bone tissue
osteocytes
huge cells derived from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum
osteoclasts
powerful lysosomal enzymes digest the mineral components of bone matrix for normal development, maintenance, and repair of bone
bone resorption
most skull bones are formed through this way
intramembranous ossification
intramembranous ossification series of events
development of ossification center
calcification
formation of trebaculae
development of periosteum
most bones of the body are formed this way
endochondral ossification
endochindral classification series of events
cartilage model growth of cartilage model primary ossification center medullary cavity secondary ossifucation center articular cartilage and epiphyseal growth plate
two major events in growth in length
interstitial growth of cartilage on the epiphysial side
replacement of cartilage with bone on the diaphyseal side
way in which bone can grow in thickness
appositional growth
removal of minerals and collagen fibers from bones by osteoclasts
bone resorption
addition of minerals and collagen fibers to bon eby osteoblasts
bone deposition
phases of bone repair fracture
fracture hematoma- mass of clotted blood
fibrocartilaginous (soft) callus- periosteum produce collagen fibers
fibrocartilage is converted into spongy bone
bony (hard) callus
compact bone replaces spongy bone, dead portions of the original bone fragments are resorbed by osteoclasts
bone remodelling phase
four phases of bone fracture repair
reactive phase: fracture hematoma (6- 8 hours)
reparative phase: fibrocartilaginous callus (3 weeks)
bony callus (3- 4 months)
bone remodelling phase
inflammation of bone and bone marrow caused by bacterial infection
osteomyelitis
weakening of bones dues to removal of calcium salts
osteoporosis
disease of children chatacterized by deficiency of calcium salts in the bones
rickets
inflammation of the joints
arthritis
inflammation of the bursa
bursitis
displacement of bones forming a joint
dislocation
intervertebral disk protrudes beyond the edge of the vertebra, ruptured or slipped disk
herniated disk
thoracic curvature of the spinal column, humpback condition
kyphosis
lumbar curvature of the vertebral column, swayback condition
lordosis
lateral curvature of the vertebral column
scoliosis
tearing or excessive stretching of the lugaments and tendons
sprain
canals that run lengthwise
Haversian canals
canals that run transverse to the bone
volkmann’s canal
