Muscular system

Question 1

properties of muscle tissue

Answer 1

excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

Question 2

the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producibg electrical signals such as action potential

Answer 2

electrical excitability

Question 3

ability to shorten and thicken, generating force to do work

Answer 3

contractility

Question 4

ability to extend without damaging the tissue

Answer 4

extensibility

Question 5

ability to return to original shape after cotraction or extension

Answer 5

elasticity

Question 6

problems involving somatic motor neurons, neuromuscular junctions or muscle fibers

Answer 6

neuromuscular disease

Question 7

signifies a disease or disorder of the skeletal muscle tissue itself

Answer 7

myopathy

Question 8

autoimmune disorder characterized by great muscular weakness abd caused by antibodies directed against ACh receptors at the neuromusculat junctions

Answer 8

myasthenia gravis

Question 9

inherited muscle destroying diseases characterized by degeneration of individual muscle fibers

Answer 9

muscular dystrophies

Question 10

painful, non articular rheumatic disorder that usually appears between the ages of 25 and 50

Answer 10

fibromyalgia

Question 11

sheet like attachment kn muscles connected to connective tissues or other muscles

Answer 11

aponeurosis

Question 12

sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that is deep to the skin and surrounds muscles and other organs of the body

Answer 12

fascia

Question 13

from where do skeletal muscle fibers arise

Answer 13

myoblasts

Question 14

a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers attached to it

Answer 14

motor unit

Question 15

the part of the motor neuron that leads to a muscle fiber

Answer 15

axon

Question 16

the connection/ synapse between the terminal branches of an axon and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber

Answer 16

neuromuscular junction

Question 17

depressions in the sarcolemma

Answer 17

motor end plates

Question 18

tiny space betweem the axon terminal and the sarcolemma

Answer 18

synaptic cleft

Question 19

the neurotransmitter which activates muscle movement

Answer 19

Acetycholine

Question 20

sliding of filament and shortening of sarcomeres

Answer 20

sliding filament mechanism

Question 21

four events of the contraction cycle

Answer 21

ATP hydrolysis energizes myosin
myosin attaches to actin to form crossbridges
powerstroke when the actin moves towards the center
detachment of myosin causing ATP binding

Question 22

decomposes acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft

Answer 22

acetycholinesterase

Question 23

serves as a limited storage form of readily available energy

Answer 23

creatine phosphate

Question 24

cellular respiration two steps

Answer 24

anaerobic phase in the cytoplasm

aerobic phase in the mitochondria

Question 25

the amount of oxygen required to metabolize the accumulated lactic acid and resupply ATP

Answer 25

oxygen debt

Question 26

muscle tissue two sources of oxygen

Answer 26

diffusion from blood | release by myoglobin inside muscle fibers

Question 27

the inability of a muscle to maintain its strength of cintractiom or tension

Answer 27

muscle fatigue

Question 28

elevated ixygen use after exercise

Answer 28

recovery oxygen uptake

Question 29

brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential

Answer 29

twitch contraction

Question 30

a record of a muscle contraction

Answer 30

myogram

Question 31

three periods of a myogram

Answer 31

latent, contraction, and relaxation

Question 32

time when a muscle has temporarily lost excitability

Answer 32

refractory period

Question 33

the minimal strength of a stimulus needed for it to contract

Answer 33

threshold stimulus

Question 34

contraction is not proportional to the strength of the stimulus

Answer 34

all or none response

Question 35

the brief interval after the stimulus is applied but before the muscle starts to contract

Answer 35

latent period

Question 36

the muscle shortens rapidly

Answer 36

period of contraction

Question 37

muscle returns to its former length

Answer 37

period of relaxation

Question 38

shortened interval between stimuli where muscle fibers cannot completely relax causing incteased strength of contraction

Answer 38

wave summation

Question 39

stimuli that is so frequent that relaxation is not possible

Answer 39

tetanic contraction

Question 40

a sustained muscle contraction with partial relaxation between stimuli

Answer 40

incomplete/ unfused tetanus

Question 41

a sustained contraction that lacks even partial relaxation between stimuli

Answer 41

complete/ fused tetanus

Question 42

process of increasing the number of active units to prevent fatigue and help smooth muscle contraction

Answer 42

recruitment (multiple motor unit summation)

Question 43

varying degrees of contraction by whole muscles

Answer 43

graded responses

Question 44

the state of constant partial contraction which keeps a muscle ready to respond

Answer 44

muscle tone

Question 45

involuntary painful sustained tetanic contractions of a muscle

Answer 45

cramp

Question 46

abnormal increase of fibrous connective tissue in a muscle

Answer 46

fibrosis

Question 47

inflammation of the connective tissue, especially muscle sheaths and fascias

Answer 47

fibrositis

Question 48

inflammation of muscle tissue

Answer 48

myositis

Question 49

pulled muscles resulting from stretchinge excessively

Answer 49

strains

Question 50

caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which prevents release of acetycholine from the tips of motor neurons

Answer 50

botulism

Question 51

viral disease of motor neurons in the spinal cord

Answer 51

poliomyelitis

Question 52

sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles

Answer 52

spasms

Question 53

caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani which produces a neurotoxin that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, first affecting the mandible "lockjaw"

Answer 53

tetanus

Question 54

skeletal muscle fibers that are small, dark, and slow to contract, but fatigue resistant

Answer 54

slow oxidative

Question 55

skeletal muscle fibers that are medium in size, dark and have medium contraction force and fatigue resistance

Answer 55

fast oxidative- glycolytic

Question 56

skeletal muscle fibers that are large, white and have a rapid contraction rate but fatigue easily

Answer 56

fast glycolytic