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MLS 111 > Muscular system > Flashcards

Muscular system Flashcards

1
Q

properties of muscle tissue

A

excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity

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2
Q

the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producibg electrical signals such as action potential

A

electrical excitability

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3
Q

ability to shorten and thicken, generating force to do work

A

contractility

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4
Q

ability to extend without damaging the tissue

A

extensibility

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5
Q

ability to return to original shape after cotraction or extension

A

elasticity

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6
Q

problems involving somatic motor neurons, neuromuscular junctions or muscle fibers

A

neuromuscular disease

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7
Q

signifies a disease or disorder of the skeletal muscle tissue itself

A

myopathy

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8
Q

autoimmune disorder characterized by great muscular weakness abd caused by antibodies directed against ACh receptors at the neuromusculat junctions

A

myasthenia gravis

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9
Q

inherited muscle destroying diseases characterized by degeneration of individual muscle fibers

A

muscular dystrophies

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10
Q

painful, non articular rheumatic disorder that usually appears between the ages of 25 and 50

A

fibromyalgia

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11
Q

sheet like attachment kn muscles connected to connective tissues or other muscles

A

aponeurosis

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12
Q

sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that is deep to the skin and surrounds muscles and other organs of the body

A

fascia

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13
Q

from where do skeletal muscle fibers arise

A

myoblasts

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14
Q

a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers attached to it

A

motor unit

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15
Q

the part of the motor neuron that leads to a muscle fiber

A

axon

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16
Q

the connection/ synapse between the terminal branches of an axon and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber

A

neuromuscular junction

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17
Q

depressions in the sarcolemma

A

motor end plates

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18
Q

tiny space betweem the axon terminal and the sarcolemma

A

synaptic cleft

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19
Q

the neurotransmitter which activates muscle movement

A

Acetycholine

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20
Q

sliding of filament and shortening of sarcomeres

A

sliding filament mechanism

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21
Q

four events of the contraction cycle

A

ATP hydrolysis energizes myosin
myosin attaches to actin to form crossbridges
powerstroke when the actin moves towards the center
detachment of myosin causing ATP binding

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22
Q

decomposes acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft

A

acetycholinesterase

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23
Q

serves as a limited storage form of readily available energy

A

creatine phosphate

24
Q

cellular respiration two steps

A

anaerobic phase in the cytoplasm

aerobic phase in the mitochondria

25
Q

the amount of oxygen required to metabolize the accumulated lactic acid and resupply ATP

A

oxygen debt

26
Q

muscle tissue two sources of oxygen

A

diffusion from blood

release by myoglobin inside muscle fibers

27
Q

the inability of a muscle to maintain its strength of cintractiom or tension

A

muscle fatigue

28
Q

elevated ixygen use after exercise

A

recovery oxygen uptake

29
Q

brief contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit in response to a single action potential

A

twitch contraction

30
Q

a record of a muscle contraction

A

myogram

31
Q

three periods of a myogram

A

latent, contraction, and relaxation

32
Q

time when a muscle has temporarily lost excitability

A

refractory period

33
Q

the minimal strength of a stimulus needed for it to contract

A

threshold stimulus

34
Q

contraction is not proportional to the strength of the stimulus

A

all or none response

35
Q

the brief interval after the stimulus is applied but before the muscle starts to contract

A

latent period

36
Q

the muscle shortens rapidly

A

period of contraction

37
Q

muscle returns to its former length

A

period of relaxation

38
Q

shortened interval between stimuli where muscle fibers cannot completely relax causing incteased strength of contraction

A

wave summation

39
Q

stimuli that is so frequent that relaxation is not possible

A

tetanic contraction

40
Q

a sustained muscle contraction with partial relaxation between stimuli

A

incomplete/ unfused tetanus

41
Q

a sustained contraction that lacks even partial relaxation between stimuli

A

complete/ fused tetanus

42
Q

process of increasing the number of active units to prevent fatigue and help smooth muscle contraction

A

recruitment (multiple motor unit summation)

43
Q

varying degrees of contraction by whole muscles

A

graded responses

44
Q

the state of constant partial contraction which keeps a muscle ready to respond

A

muscle tone

45
Q

involuntary painful sustained tetanic contractions of a muscle

A

cramp

46
Q

abnormal increase of fibrous connective tissue in a muscle

A

fibrosis

47
Q

inflammation of the connective tissue, especially muscle sheaths and fascias

A

fibrositis

48
Q

inflammation of muscle tissue

A

myositis

49
Q

pulled muscles resulting from stretchinge excessively

A

strains

50
Q

caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum which prevents release of acetycholine from the tips of motor neurons

A

botulism

51
Q

viral disease of motor neurons in the spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis

52
Q

sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles

A

spasms

53
Q

caused by the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani which produces a neurotoxin that affects motor neurons in the spinal cord, first affecting the mandible “lockjaw”

A

tetanus

54
Q

skeletal muscle fibers that are small, dark, and slow to contract, but fatigue resistant

A

slow oxidative

55
Q

skeletal muscle fibers that are medium in size, dark and have medium contraction force and fatigue resistance

A

fast oxidative- glycolytic

56
Q

skeletal muscle fibers that are large, white and have a rapid contraction rate but fatigue easily

A

fast glycolytic

MLS 111 (8 decks)

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