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MLS 111 > Intro to Pathology > Flashcards

Intro to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Father of Modern pathology and started the concept of the cellular basis of disease

A

Rudolf Virchow

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2
Q

study of structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease

A

pathology

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3
Q

science that deals with why, when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted among individuals

A

epidemiology

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4
Q

deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease

A

pharmacology

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5
Q

concerned with the common reactions of cells and tissues to injurious stimuli

A

general pathology

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6
Q

the initiating cause of disease

A

etiology

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7
Q

causation that is inherited or acquired mutations, disease associated gene variants or polymorphisms

A

genetic causes

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8
Q

infectious agents, nutritional, chemical or physical agents

A

environmental causes

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9
Q

refers to the sequence of molecular, biochemical, and cellular, events that follow the exposure of cells or tissues to an injurious agent that led to the development of disease

A

pathogenesis

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10
Q

refer to the structural alterations in cells or tissues that are chaacyeristis of disease

A

morphologic changes

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11
Q

signs and symptoms

A

clinical manifestations

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12
Q

use of examination of tissues specifically those remived from surgery to help diagnose a disease

A

surgucal pathology

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13
Q

investigation of sudden, unexpected or violent deaths using pathologucal techniques

A

forensic pathology

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14
Q

cessation of functions of the heart and lungs and could be reversed through CPR

A

clinical death

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15
Q

death of all the functions of the brain and other organs and degenration of individual cells

A

biologic death

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16
Q

increase in the size of organ due to the increase in size of cells i.e. increase in skeletal muscle mass due to exercise or enlargement if heart

A

hypertrophy

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17
Q

increase in size of organ due to increase in number of cells i.e. glandular proliferation in breast due to pregnancy

A

hyperplasia

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18
Q

failire of cell production i.e. absence of organ during fetal development

A

aplasia

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19
Q

decrease in cell production i.e turner syndrome

A

hypoplasia

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20
Q

decrease in size of organ due to decrease in mass of preexisting cells

A

atrophy

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21
Q

reversible change where one differetiated cells is replaced by another cell type

A

metaplasia

22
Q

“accidental” and unregulated cell death due to damage to cell membranes and loss of ion homeostasis

A

necrosis

23
Q

programmed cell death when DNA or proteins are damaged beyond repair

A

apoptosis

24
Q

deficiency of oxygen causes cell injury

A

hypoxia

25
Q

molecules that have a single unpaired electron in the outer orbital

A

free radical

26
Q

cell injury caused by chemical agents and drugs

A

chemical cell injury

27
Q

viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites

A

infectious agents

28
Q

injurious reactions to endogenous self antigens responsible for autoimmune diseases

A

immune system

29
Q

genetic aberration or substitution leading to clinical phenotypes

A

genetic abnormalities

30
Q

deficiency of foodstuff such as protein or nutritional excess

A

nutritional imbalance

31
Q

degradative reactions in cells caused by intracellular enzymes

A

autolysis

32
Q

cellular degradation by enzymes extrinsic to the cell

A

heterolysis

33
Q

necrosis resulting from sudden cut off of blood supply to an organ particularly the kidney and the heart

A

coagulative necrosis

34
Q

necrosis that causes digestion, softening and liquefaction of tissue i.e. central nervous system

A

liquefactive necrosis

35
Q

necrosis that is “cheese-like” derived from the friable white appearance of the area of necrosis

A

causeous necrosis

36
Q

necrosis that is usually in the limbs or lower legs that lost blood supply involving multiple tissue planes

A

gangrenous necrosis

37
Q

necrosis due to severe injury to tissue with high fat content

A

traumatic fat necrosis

38
Q

necrosis due to acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis releasing fatty acids

A

enzymatic fat necrosis

39
Q

necrosis due to acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis releasing fatty acids

A

enzymatic fat necrosis

40
Q

necrosis usually seen in immune reactions involving blood vessels

A

fibrinoid necrosis

41
Q

abnormal accumulation of triglycerides within parenchymal cells, usually liver

A

steatosis (fatty change)

42
Q

alteration within cells or in the extracellular space that gives a homogenous, glassy, pink appearance in routine histological sections

A

hyaline change

43
Q

three types of reversible cellular changes

A

steatosis
hyaline change
accumulation of endogenous pigments

44
Q

pigment formed from tyrosine by tyrosinase and is involved in sun tanning, albinism and vitiligo

A

melanin

45
Q

catabolic product of heme moiety of hemoglobin, producing yellowish discloration called jaundice

A

bilirubin

46
Q

jaundice associated with destruction of red blood cells

A

hemolytic jaundice

47
Q

jaundice associated with parenchymal liver damage

A

hepatocellular jaundice

48
Q

pigment which is hemoglobin- derived, golden yellow to brown ganullar or crystalline pigment and major storage form of iron

A

hemosiderin

49
Q

yellowish, fat soluble pigment which is an end product of membrane lipid peroxidation “wear and tear pigment” and commonly accumulates in elderly patients

A

lipofuscin

50
Q

the abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts, together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium and mineral salt

A

pathologic calcification

51
Q

deposition occurs locally in dying tissues or areas of necrosis

A

dystrophic calcification

52
Q

deposition of calcium in normal tissues usually due to hypercalcemia or disturbance to calcium metabolism

A

metastatic calcification

MLS 111 (8 decks)

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