Intro to Pathology Flashcards

(52 cards)

1
Q

Father of Modern pathology and started the concept of the cellular basis of disease

A

Rudolf Virchow

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2
Q

study of structural, biochemical, and functional changes in cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease

A

pathology

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3
Q

science that deals with why, when and where diseases occur and how they are transmitted among individuals

A

epidemiology

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4
Q

deals with the effects and uses of drugs in the treatment of disease

A

pharmacology

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5
Q

concerned with the common reactions of cells and tissues to injurious stimuli

A

general pathology

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6
Q

the initiating cause of disease

A

etiology

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7
Q

causation that is inherited or acquired mutations, disease associated gene variants or polymorphisms

A

genetic causes

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8
Q

infectious agents, nutritional, chemical or physical agents

A

environmental causes

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9
Q

refers to the sequence of molecular, biochemical, and cellular, events that follow the exposure of cells or tissues to an injurious agent that led to the development of disease

A

pathogenesis

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10
Q

refer to the structural alterations in cells or tissues that are chaacyeristis of disease

A

morphologic changes

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11
Q

signs and symptoms

A

clinical manifestations

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12
Q

use of examination of tissues specifically those remived from surgery to help diagnose a disease

A

surgucal pathology

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13
Q

investigation of sudden, unexpected or violent deaths using pathologucal techniques

A

forensic pathology

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14
Q

cessation of functions of the heart and lungs and could be reversed through CPR

A

clinical death

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15
Q

death of all the functions of the brain and other organs and degenration of individual cells

A

biologic death

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16
Q

increase in the size of organ due to the increase in size of cells i.e. increase in skeletal muscle mass due to exercise or enlargement if heart

A

hypertrophy

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17
Q

increase in size of organ due to increase in number of cells i.e. glandular proliferation in breast due to pregnancy

A

hyperplasia

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18
Q

failire of cell production i.e. absence of organ during fetal development

A

aplasia

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19
Q

decrease in cell production i.e turner syndrome

A

hypoplasia

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20
Q

decrease in size of organ due to decrease in mass of preexisting cells

A

atrophy

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21
Q

reversible change where one differetiated cells is replaced by another cell type

22
Q

“accidental” and unregulated cell death due to damage to cell membranes and loss of ion homeostasis

23
Q

programmed cell death when DNA or proteins are damaged beyond repair

24
Q

deficiency of oxygen causes cell injury

25
molecules that have a single unpaired electron in the outer orbital
free radical
26
cell injury caused by chemical agents and drugs
chemical cell injury
27
viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
infectious agents
28
injurious reactions to endogenous self antigens responsible for autoimmune diseases
immune system
29
genetic aberration or substitution leading to clinical phenotypes
genetic abnormalities
30
deficiency of foodstuff such as protein or nutritional excess
nutritional imbalance
31
degradative reactions in cells caused by intracellular enzymes
autolysis
32
cellular degradation by enzymes extrinsic to the cell
heterolysis
33
necrosis resulting from sudden cut off of blood supply to an organ particularly the kidney and the heart
coagulative necrosis
34
necrosis that causes digestion, softening and liquefaction of tissue i.e. central nervous system
liquefactive necrosis
35
necrosis that is "cheese-like" derived from the friable white appearance of the area of necrosis
causeous necrosis
36
necrosis that is usually in the limbs or lower legs that lost blood supply involving multiple tissue planes
gangrenous necrosis
37
necrosis due to severe injury to tissue with high fat content
traumatic fat necrosis
38
necrosis due to acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis releasing fatty acids
enzymatic fat necrosis
39
necrosis due to acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis releasing fatty acids
enzymatic fat necrosis
40
necrosis usually seen in immune reactions involving blood vessels
fibrinoid necrosis
41
abnormal accumulation of triglycerides within parenchymal cells, usually liver
steatosis (fatty change)
42
alteration within cells or in the extracellular space that gives a homogenous, glassy, pink appearance in routine histological sections
hyaline change
43
three types of reversible cellular changes
steatosis hyaline change accumulation of endogenous pigments
44
pigment formed from tyrosine by tyrosinase and is involved in sun tanning, albinism and vitiligo
melanin
45
catabolic product of heme moiety of hemoglobin, producing yellowish discloration called jaundice
bilirubin
46
jaundice associated with destruction of red blood cells
hemolytic jaundice
47
jaundice associated with parenchymal liver damage
hepatocellular jaundice
48
pigment which is hemoglobin- derived, golden yellow to brown ganullar or crystalline pigment and major storage form of iron
hemosiderin
49
yellowish, fat soluble pigment which is an end product of membrane lipid peroxidation "wear and tear pigment" and commonly accumulates in elderly patients
lipofuscin
50
the abnormal tissue deposition of calcium salts, together with smaller amounts of iron, magnesium and mineral salt
pathologic calcification
51
deposition occurs locally in dying tissues or areas of necrosis
dystrophic calcification
52
deposition of calcium in normal tissues usually due to hypercalcemia or disturbance to calcium metabolism
metastatic calcification