Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

five cardinal signs of inflammation

A
rubor
calor
tumor
dolor
loss of function
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2
Q

redness in the area of injury due to dilation of blood vessels

A

rubor

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3
Q

swelling, or edema, caused by the accumulation of fluid around the blood vessels

A

tumor

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4
Q

heat resulting from increased blood flow, fever

A

calor

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5
Q

pain associated with inflammation due in part to distortion of tissues

A

dolor

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6
Q

three families of adhesion molecules

A

selectins, immunoglobin-family adhesion proteins and integrins

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7
Q

brief period of vasoconstricrion followed by dilation of arterioles, capillaries and post capillary venules

A

vasoactive changes

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8
Q

results in leakage of proteinaceous fluid, causing edema

A

increased capillary permeability

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9
Q

most prominent type of inflammatory cells in foci of acute inflammation during the first 24 hours, i.e. in bacterial infection

A

neutrophils

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10
Q

inflammatory cells that replace neutrophils after 2-3 days, examples include tuberculosis and salmonella infection

A

monocytes- macrophages

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11
Q

most prominent inflammatory cells in many vutal infections and chronic inflammation

A

lynphocytes

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12
Q

the predominant inflammatory cells in allergic reactions and parasitic infestations

A

eosinophils

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13
Q

sources of histamine

A

mast cells and basophils

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14
Q

passage of inflammatory leukocytesnetween the endothelial cells into the adjacent interstitial tissue

A

emigration

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15
Q

leukocytes localize to the outer margin of the blood flow adjacebt to the vascular endothelium

A

margination

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16
Q

leukocytes line the endothelial surface

A

pavementing

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17
Q

endothelial selectins loosely binding to leukocytes

A

rolling or tumbling

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18
Q

leukocytes adhere to the endothelial surface

A

adhesion

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19
Q

movement of leukocytes across the endothelium and is mediated by platelet endothelial cell molecule 1

A

transmigration

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20
Q

process by which leukocytes are attracted to and move toward an injury

A

chemotaxis

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21
Q

ingestion of particulate matter

A

phagocytosis

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22
Q

the most important phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils and monocytes-macrophages

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23
Q

an attached opsonized particle is internalized by pseudopodial extensions and encloses the foreign particle, forming an internalized vesicle

A

phagosome

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24
Q

phagosomes fused with cytoplasmic lysosomes

A

phagolysosomes

25
Q

immobilizes and coats the particle in the surface of the phagocyte

A

opsonin

26
Q

two types of intracellular microbicidal processes

A

oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent

27
Q

the most important intracellular microbicidal process

A

oxygen dependent microbial killing

28
Q

microbial killing mediated by proteins and is less effective

A

oxygen independent microbial killing

29
Q

they influence chemotaxis, vasomotor phenomena, vascular permeability, pain and other aspects of the inflammatory response that are of microbial origin

A

exogenous mediators

30
Q

they influence chemotaxis, vasomotor phenomena, vascular permeability, pain and other aspects of the inflammatory response that are of host origin

A

endogenous mediatora

31
Q

mediates the increase in capillary permeability associated with the contraction of endothelial cells that occurs with mild injuries

A

histamine

32
Q

acts similarly to histamine and is derived from platelets

A

serotonin

33
Q

soluble proteins that can act as effector molecules and influence behavior of other cells

A

cytokines

34
Q

initiated by activated Hageman factor and activates the complement cascade

A

kinin system

35
Q

consists of a group of plasma proteins that participate in immune lysis of cells and play a significant role in inflammation

A

complement system

36
Q

produced by endothelial cells which stimulates relaxation of smooth muscles and inhibits platelet aggresion

A

nitric oxide

37
Q

it results from tissue destruction by lysosomal products where the cavity is filled with pus and walled off by fibrous tissue

A

abscess

38
Q

it is the loss of surface epithelium ususally from acute inflammation of epithelial surfaces

A

ulcer

39
Q

the abnormal communication between two organd or between an organ and a surface

A

fistula

40
Q

the final result of tissue destruction, with a resultant distortion of structure, and in some cases, altered function

A

scar

41
Q

three possible outcomes of acute inflammation

A

resolution of tissue structure and function
tissue destruction and persistent acute inflammation
conversion to chronic inflammation

42
Q

when neutrophils and monocytes are replaced with lyphocytes, plasma cells and microphages

A

conversion to chronic inflammation

43
Q

progressive decline in cellular function and viability caused by genetic abnormalities and accumulation of damages

A

cellular aging

44
Q

when the inciting injury is persistent or recurrent or the inflammatory reaction is insufficient to degrade the agent

A

chronic inflammation

45
Q

type of inflammation mediated by the interaction of monocytes-macrophages with lymphocytes

A

chronic nonspecific inflammation

46
Q

inflammation caharacterized by granulomas, nodular collections of specialized macrophages referred to as epithelioid cells, surrounded by a rim of lymphocytes

A

granulomatous inflammation

47
Q

cells that actively divide throughout life and is capable of regeneration

A

labile cells

48
Q

cells that undergo few divisions but are capable of division when activated

A

stable cells

49
Q

cells considered to be incapable of division and regeneration

A

permanent cells

50
Q

competence factor that promotes the proliferative response of fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells

A

platelet-derived growth factor

51
Q

progression factor that promotes the growth of endothelial cells and fibrobalsts as well as epithelial cells

A

epidermal growth factor

52
Q

promite the synthesis of extracellular matrix protein

A

fibroblasts growth factor

53
Q

is a growth inhibitor for many cell types and may aid in modulating the repair process and is functionally similar to to EGF

A

Transforming growth factors

54
Q

promote the proliferation of fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and endothelial cells

A

macrophage derived growth factors

55
Q

begins in the early stages oof inflammation and is initiated by liquefaction and removal of dead cellular material

A

removal of debris

56
Q

highly vascular, newly formed connective tissue consisting of capillaries and fibroblasts

A

granulation tissue

57
Q

extravascular fluid that is non inflammatory in origin, low protein content and is utilized in passive process

A

transudate

58
Q

extravascular fluid that is inflammatory in origi, has high protein content and is utilized in active processes

A

exudates