Inflammation Flashcards
five cardinal signs of inflammation
rubor calor tumor dolor loss of function
redness in the area of injury due to dilation of blood vessels
rubor
swelling, or edema, caused by the accumulation of fluid around the blood vessels
tumor
heat resulting from increased blood flow, fever
calor
pain associated with inflammation due in part to distortion of tissues
dolor
three families of adhesion molecules
selectins, immunoglobin-family adhesion proteins and integrins
brief period of vasoconstricrion followed by dilation of arterioles, capillaries and post capillary venules
vasoactive changes
results in leakage of proteinaceous fluid, causing edema
increased capillary permeability
most prominent type of inflammatory cells in foci of acute inflammation during the first 24 hours, i.e. in bacterial infection
neutrophils
inflammatory cells that replace neutrophils after 2-3 days, examples include tuberculosis and salmonella infection
monocytes- macrophages
most prominent inflammatory cells in many vutal infections and chronic inflammation
lynphocytes
the predominant inflammatory cells in allergic reactions and parasitic infestations
eosinophils
sources of histamine
mast cells and basophils
passage of inflammatory leukocytesnetween the endothelial cells into the adjacent interstitial tissue
emigration
leukocytes localize to the outer margin of the blood flow adjacebt to the vascular endothelium
margination
leukocytes line the endothelial surface
pavementing
endothelial selectins loosely binding to leukocytes
rolling or tumbling
leukocytes adhere to the endothelial surface
adhesion
movement of leukocytes across the endothelium and is mediated by platelet endothelial cell molecule 1
transmigration
process by which leukocytes are attracted to and move toward an injury
chemotaxis
ingestion of particulate matter
phagocytosis
the most important phagocytic cells
neutrophils and monocytes-macrophages
an attached opsonized particle is internalized by pseudopodial extensions and encloses the foreign particle, forming an internalized vesicle
phagosome