Skeletal System Flashcards
What are the key functions of the skeletal system? (5)
Protection Support Movement Mineral Storage Hematopoiesis
What is the axial skeleton composed of? (4)
Skull
Ribs
Spine
Sternum
What are the functions of the axial skeleton?(2)
Protects vital organs
Weight bearing
What are the bones that make up the cranium?
Frontal 2 Temporal 2 Pariental Occipital Sphenoid Ethnoid
What does the Sphenoid protect?
Pituitary glands
What does the Ethnoid house?
Smell sensors
What are the key features of the Cerival spine? (5)
7 Vertebrae
Smallest
Large ROM
Protects spinal cord, vertebrael arteries
Supports the weight of the cranium and brain
What are the key features of the Thoracic spine? (5)
12 Vertebrae Increase in size - bears more weight Moderate ROM Anchor for ribs Protects spinal cord
What are the key features of the Lumbar spine? (5)
5 Vertebrae Largest Moderate ROM Thick shock absorbing discs Bares the most weight
What are the key features of the Sacral ans coccyx?
Fused bones
Scaral - foundation of pelvis, transmitts loads
Coccyx - residual tail
What is the Appendicular skeleton composed of?
Shoulder girdle
Pelvic Girdle
Arms
Legs and foot
What is the function of the pelvic and shoulder girdle?
Movement and weight bearing
Name all the bones in the arm (6)
Humerus Radius Ulna Carpels Metacarpals Phalanges
Name all the bones in the leg (7)
Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges
What are the 4 different types of bone?
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
What are the main features of the Long bone? (5)
Found in limbs Length longer than width Works as levers Shaft is a hollow cylinder which contains bone marrow Has articulate ends which form joints
What are the main features of the Short bone? (5)
Found in the hand and feet Small and compact Spongy bone with compact surface Shock absorbers Small ROM
What are the main features of the Flat bone? (3)
Cranium, hip, sternum
Protection
Large SA
Why doe flat bones have a large SA?
To have increased numbers of muscle attachments so a larger ROM is aloud
What are the main features of the Irregular bone? (2)
Spinal colum and facial bones
Shape fits a specific funtion
What type of bone is the patella and why?
Irregular because is a sesmoid bone which provide protection and movement at the knee
What is a sesmoid bone?
One with bone or tendon attachments
What is bones composistion and why? (4)
45% mineral - stiffness and strength
35% collagen - flexibility and strength
20% water - strength
1-2% ground substance - gel like, surrounds cells
What is the structure of a bone? (3)
Outer layer
Spongy bone
Medulary Cavity
